Cikakken Injin CMM da Jagorar Aunawa

Menene Injin CMM?

Ka yi tunanin wata na'ura mai kama da CNC da za ta iya yin ma'auni mai daidaito sosai ta hanyar da ba ta da atomatik. Wannan shine abin da Injinan CMM ke yi!

CMM tana nufin "Injin aunawa mai daidaitawa". Wataƙila su ne manyan na'urorin aunawa na 3D dangane da haɗin gwiwar sassauci, daidaito, da sauri.

Aikace-aikacen Injinan Aunawa Masu Daidaito

Injinan aunawa masu daidaitawa suna da mahimmanci a duk lokacin da ake buƙatar yin ma'auni daidai. Kuma yayin da ake ƙara rikitarwa ko yawa, to, amfani da CMM zai fi fa'ida.

Yawanci ana amfani da CMM don dubawa da kuma kula da inganci. Wato, ana amfani da su don tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren ya cika buƙatun da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin mai ƙira.

Ana iya amfani da su wajeninjiniyan bayasassan da ke akwai ta hanyar yin ma'aunin daidai na fasalullukansu.

Wanene ya ƙirƙiro Injinan CMM?

Kamfanin Ferranti na Scotland ne ya ƙirƙiro Injinan CMM na farko a shekarun 1950. An buƙaci su don auna daidaiton sassan da ke cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya da tsaro. Injinan farko suna da gatari 2 kawai na motsi. An gabatar da injinan axis 3 a shekarun 1960 ta DEA ta Italiya. Ikon sarrafa kwamfuta ya zo ne a farkon shekarun 1970, kuma Sheffield ta Amurka ta gabatar da shi.

Nau'ikan Injinan CMM

Akwai nau'ikan na'urar auna daidaito guda biyar:

• Nau'in Gada CMM: A cikin wannan ƙira, mafi yawan lokuta, kan CMM yana hawa kan gada. Ɗaya daga cikin gefen gadar yana hawa kan layin dogo a kan gado, ɗayan kuma yana rataye a kan matashin iska ko wata hanya a kan gado ba tare da layin jagora ba.
• Cantilever CMM: Cantilever yana tallafawa gadar a gefe ɗaya kawai.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry yana amfani da layin jagora a ɓangarorin biyu, kamar na'urar sadarwa ta CNC. Waɗannan galibi sune manyan CMM, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi.
• CMM na Hannun Kwance: Ka yi tunanin cantilever, amma duk gadar tana motsawa sama da ƙasa da hannun ɗaya maimakon a kan axis ɗinta. Waɗannan su ne CMM marasa daidaito, amma suna iya auna manyan sassan siriri kamar jikin motoci.
• Nau'in Hannun da ake Ɗauka CMM: Waɗannan injunan suna amfani da hannaye masu haɗin gwiwa kuma galibi ana sanya su da hannu. Maimakon auna XYZ kai tsaye, suna ƙididdige daidaitawa daga matsayin juyawa na kowane haɗin gwiwa da kuma tsawon da aka sani tsakanin haɗin gwiwa.

Kowannensu yana da fa'idodi da rashin amfani dangane da nau'ikan ma'auni da za a yi. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna nufin tsarin injin da ake amfani da shi don daidaita shi.bincikedangane da ɓangaren da ake aunawa.

Ga tebur mai amfani don fahimtar ribobi da fursunoni:

Ana sanya na'urori masu auna sigina a girma 3–X, Y, da Z. Duk da haka, na'urori masu ƙwarewa kuma suna iya ba da damar canza kusurwar na'urorin masu auna sigina ta yadda za a iya aunawa a wuraren da na'urar ba za ta iya isa ba. Ana iya amfani da tebura masu juyawa don inganta iyawar kusanci na fasaloli daban-daban.

Ana yin CMMs da granite da aluminum sau da yawa, kuma suna amfani da bearings na iska.

Injin bincike shine firikwensin da ke tantance inda saman sashin yake lokacin da aka yi ma'auni.

Nau'ikan bincike sun haɗa da:

• Injiniyanci
• Na gani
• Laser
• Hasken Fari

Ana amfani da Injinan Auna Daidaito ta hanyoyi guda uku gabaɗaya:

• Sashen Kula da Inganci: Ga su nan galibi ana ajiye su a cikin ɗakunan tsafta waɗanda ke da yanayin da ya dace domin inganta daidaitonsu.
• Bene na Shago: Ga CMMs suna cikin Injinan CNC don sauƙaƙe yin bincike a matsayin wani ɓangare na sel na masana'antu tare da ƙarancin tafiya tsakanin CMM da injin inda ake kera sassan. Wannan yana ba da damar yin ma'auni da wuri kuma mai yiwuwa sau da yawa wanda ke haifar da tanadi yayin da aka gano kurakurai da wuri.
• Na'urorin CMM masu ɗaukuwa: Ana iya amfani da su a kan bene na Shago ko ma a kai su wani wuri mai nisa daga wurin masana'anta don auna sassan da ke cikin filin.

Yaya Injunan CMM (CMM Daidaito) Suke?

Daidaiton Injinan Auna Daidaito ya bambanta. Gabaɗaya, suna nufin daidaiton ma'aunin micrometer ko mafi kyau. Amma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Abu ɗaya, akwai kuskure na iya zama aikin girma, don haka kuskuren aunawa na CMM za a iya ƙayyade shi azaman gajeriyar dabara wacce ta haɗa da tsawon ma'aunin a matsayin mai canzawa.

Misali, an jera Hexagon's Global Classic CMM a matsayin CMM mai araha ga dukkan nau'ikan na'urori, kuma ya ƙayyade daidaitonsa kamar haka:

1.0 + L/300um

Waɗannan ma'aunai suna cikin microns kuma an ƙayyade L a cikin mm. Don haka bari mu ce muna ƙoƙarin auna tsawon fasalin 10mm. Tsarin zai zama 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 ko 1.03 microns.

Micron shine dubu ɗaya na mm, wanda yake kusan inci 0.00003937. Don haka kuskuren da ake yi lokacin auna tsawon mu na 10mm shine inci 0.00103 ko inci 0.00004055. Wannan bai kai rabin rabi na goma ba - ƙaramin kuskure ne!

A gefe guda kuma, ya kamata mutum ya sami daidaito sau 10 abin da muke ƙoƙarin aunawa. Don haka wannan yana nufin idan za mu iya amincewa da wannan ma'aunin sau 10 kawai, ko inci 0.00005. Har yanzu ƙaramin kuskure ne.

Abubuwa sun fi duhu idan aka yi la'akari da ma'aunin CMM na benen shago. Idan CMM yana cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen da aka tsara don duba yanayin zafi, yana taimakawa sosai. Amma a benen shago, yanayin zafi na iya bambanta sosai. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da CMM zai iya ramawa ga bambancin zafin jiki, amma babu ɗaya da ya dace.

Masu yin CMM sau da yawa suna ƙayyade daidaito ga madaurin zafin jiki, kuma bisa ga ma'aunin ISO 10360-2 don daidaiton CMM, madaurin da aka saba amfani da shi shine 64-72F (18-22C). Wannan yana da kyau sai dai idan ɗakin shagon ku yana da 86F a lokacin rani. To ba ku da takamaiman takamaiman don kuskuren.

Wasu masana'antun za su ba ku saitin matakala ko madaurin zafin jiki tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban. Amma me zai faru idan kuna cikin kewayon fiye da ɗaya don gudu ɗaya na sassa a lokutan daban-daban na rana ko ranaku daban-daban na mako?

Mutum zai fara ƙirƙirar kasafin kuɗi na rashin tabbas wanda zai ba da damar mafi munin yanayi. Idan waɗannan mafi munin yanayi suka haifar da rashin amincewa ga sassan jikinka, ana buƙatar ƙarin canje-canje a tsarin aiki:

• Zaka iya iyakance amfani da CMM zuwa wasu lokutan rana lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi cikin mafi kyawun ma'auni.
• Za ka iya zaɓar kawai ka yi amfani da na'urori masu ƙarancin haƙuri ko siffofi a wasu lokutan rana.
• Ingantattun CMMs na iya samun ingantattun bayanai game da yanayin zafin ku. Suna iya zama masu daraja duk da cewa suna iya zama mafi tsada.

Ba shakka waɗannan matakan za su kawo cikas ga iyawarka ta tsara ayyukanka daidai. Ba zato ba tsammani sai ka yi tunanin cewa ingantaccen tsarin kula da yanayi a kan benen Shago zai iya zama jari mai amfani.

Za ka iya ganin yadda wannan duka abin aunawa yake zama abin mamaki.

Wani sinadari da ke tafiya tare shine yadda aka ƙayyade haƙurin da CMM ke dubawa. Ma'aunin zinare shine Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Duba kwas ɗin gabatarwarmu akan GD&T don ƙarin koyo.

Manhajar CMM

CMM na gudanar da nau'ikan software daban-daban. Ana kiran ma'aunin DMIS, wanda ke nufin Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Girma. Duk da cewa ba shine babban hanyar haɗin software ga kowane mai ƙera CMM ba, mafi yawansu suna goyon bayan sa.

Masana'antun sun ƙirƙiri nasu dandano na musamman domin ƙara ayyukan aunawa waɗanda DMIS ba ta tallafa musu ba.

DMIS

Kamar yadda aka ambata, DMIS ita ce mizani, amma kamar lambar g ta CNC, akwai yaruka da yawa da suka haɗa da:

• PC-DMIS: Sigar Hexagon
• Buɗe DMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOS manhajar CMM ce ta Nikon.

Calypso

Calypso software ne na CMM daga Zeiss.

Manhajar CMM da CAD/CAM

Ta yaya Manhajar CMM da Shirye-shirye ke da alaƙa da Manhajar CAD/CAM?

Akwai nau'ikan fayilolin CAD daban-daban, don haka duba waɗanne ne Manhajar CMM ɗinku ta dace da su. Babban haɗin kai ana kiransa Ma'anar Tushen Samfura (MBD). Tare da MBD, ana iya amfani da samfurin da kansa don cire girma na CMM.

MDB yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi, don haka ba a yi amfani da shi a mafi yawan lokuta ba.

Binciken CMM, Kayan Aiki, da Kayan Haɗi

Binciken CMM

Akwai nau'ikan na'urori da siffofi iri-iri don sauƙaƙe amfani da su daban-daban.

Kayan aikin CMM

Kayan aiki duk suna adana lokaci lokacin lodawa da sauke sassa a kan CMM, kamar a kan Injin CNC. Hatta za ku iya samun CMM waɗanda ke da na'urorin loda fallet ta atomatik don haɓaka yawan aiki.

Farashin Injin CMM

Sabbin Injinan Aunawa na Coordinate suna farawa daga tsakanin dala $20,000 zuwa $30,000 kuma suna kaiwa sama da dala miliyan 1.

Ayyuka Masu Alaƙa da CMM a Shagon Inji

Manajan CMM

Mai Shirye-shiryen CMM

Mai aiki na CMM