Cikakken Injin CMM da Jagorar Aunawa

Menene Injin CMM?

Ka yi tunanin na'ura irin ta CNC mai iya yin ma'auni na musamman ta hanya mai sarrafa kansa sosai.Abin da CMM Machines ke yi!

CMM tana nufin "Ma'auni mai daidaitawa".Wataƙila su ne na'urori masu aunawa na 3D na ƙarshe dangane da haɗin gwiwarsu gabaɗaya, daidaito, da sauri.

Aikace-aikacen Injin Auna Daidaitawa

Injin Auna Daidaita Daidaitawa suna da mahimmanci kowane lokacin daidaitaccen ma'auni da ake buƙatar yin.Kuma mafi hadaddun ma'auni ko yawa, mafi fa'ida shine amfani da CMM.

Yawanci ana amfani da na'urorin CMM don dubawa da sarrafa inganci.Wato, ana amfani da su don tabbatar da ɓangaren ya dace da buƙatun mai zane da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da suinjiniyan bayasassan da ake da su ta hanyar yin daidaitattun ma'auni na fasalin su.

Wanene ya ƙirƙira Injin CMM?

Kamfanin Ferranti na Scotland ya haɓaka Injin CMM na farko a cikin 1950's.Ana buƙatar su don auna daidaitattun sassa a cikin sararin samaniya da masana'antar tsaro.Na'urori na farko kawai suna da gatura 2 na motsi.3 axis inji aka gabatar a cikin 1960 ta DEA na Italiya.Gudanar da kwamfuta ya zo a farkon shekarun 1970, kuma Sheffield na Amurka ya gabatar da shi.

Nau'in Injin CMM

Akwai nau'ikan na'ura mai daidaitawa guda biyar:

• Nau'in Gada CMM: A cikin wannan ƙira, wanda aka fi sani da shi, shugaban CMM yana hawa kan gada.Ɗayan gefen gadar yana hawa kan dogo a kan gado, ɗayan kuma yana tallafawa akan matashin iska ko wata hanya a kan gadon ba tare da titin jagora ba.
• Cantilever CMM: Cantilever yana goyan bayan gada a gefe ɗaya kawai.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry yana amfani da layin dogo na jagora a bangarorin biyu, kamar CNC Router.Waɗannan yawanci CMM mafi girma, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi.
• Hannun Hannun Hannu CMM: Hoton cantilever, amma tare da dukan gada yana motsawa sama da ƙasa hannun guda ɗaya maimakon a kan gadarsa.Waɗannan su ne mafi ƙarancin ingantattun CMM, amma za su iya auna manyan siraran abubuwa kamar jikin mota.
• Nau'in Hannu mai šaukuwa CMM: Waɗannan injunan suna amfani da haɗe-haɗen makamai kuma galibi ana sanya su da hannu.Maimakon auna XYZ kai tsaye, suna ƙididdige haɗin kai daga matsayi na juyawa na kowane haɗin gwiwa da tsayin da aka sani tsakanin haɗin gwiwa.

Kowannensu yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani dangane da nau'ikan ma'aunin da za a yi.Waɗannan nau'ikan suna nufin tsarin injin ɗin da ake amfani da shi don sanya tabincikedangane da bangaren da ake aunawa.

Anan ga tebur mai amfani don taimakawa fahimtar fa'ida da rashin amfani:

Ana yin bincike akai-akai a cikin ma'auni 3-X, Y, da Z. Duk da haka, ƙarin injunan na'urori na iya ba da damar canza kusurwar bincike ta ba da damar aunawa a wuraren da binciken ba zai iya isa ba.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da allunan jujjuya don haɓaka iyawar kusanci na fasali daban-daban.

CMM's galibi ana yin su ne da granite da aluminum, kuma suna amfani da ɗaukar iska

Binciken shine firikwensin da ke tantance inda saman sashin yake lokacin da aka yi ma'auni.

Nau'o'in bincike sun haɗa da:

• Makanikai
• Na gani
• Laser
• Farin Haske

Ana amfani da injunan Auna Daidaitawa ta hanyoyin gabaɗaya guda uku:

• Sassan Kula da Inganci: Anan galibi ana ajiye su a cikin dakuna masu tsabta da ke sarrafa yanayi don haɓaka daidaitattun su.
• Gidan Shago: Anan CMM's suna ƙasa a cikin Injin CNC don sauƙaƙe yin bincike a matsayin wani ɓangare na sel masana'anta tare da mafi ƙarancin tafiya tsakanin CMM da injin inda ake sarrafa sassa.Wannan yana ba da damar yin ma'auni a baya kuma mai yuwuwa sau da yawa wanda ke haifar da tanadi yayin da aka gano kurakurai da wuri.
• Mai šaukuwa: CMM masu ɗaukar nauyi suna da sauƙin motsawa.Ana iya amfani da su akan bene na Shago ko ma ɗauka zuwa wani wuri mai nisa daga wurin masana'anta don auna sassa a cikin filin.

Yaya Ingantattun Injin CMM (Cimtar Cikar CMM)?

Daidaiton Injin Ma'aunin Daidaitawa ya bambanta.Gabaɗaya, suna nufin daidaitaccen micrometer ko mafi kyau.Amma ba haka ba ne mai sauki.Abu ɗaya, akwai kuskure na iya zama aikin girman girman, don haka ana iya ƙayyade kuskuren auna CMM a matsayin ɗan gajeren tsari wanda ya haɗa da tsawon ma'aunin a matsayin mai canzawa.

Misali, Hexagon's Global Classic CMM an jera shi azaman CMM mai araha gabaɗaya, kuma yana ƙayyadaddun daidaito kamar:

1.0 + L/300um

Waɗannan ma'auni suna cikin microns kuma an ƙayyade L a cikin mm.Don haka bari mu ce muna ƙoƙarin auna tsawon siffar 10mm.Tsarin zai zama 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 ko 1.03 microns.

Micron shine dubu na mm, wanda yayi kusan 0.00003937 inci.Don haka kuskuren lokacin auna tsayin mu na 10mm shine 0.00103 mm ko 0.00004055 inci.Wannan bai wuce rabin rabin kashi goma ba – ƙaramin kuskure!

A gefe guda, ya kamata mutum ya sami daidaito 10x abin da muke ƙoƙarin aunawa.Don haka yana nufin idan za mu iya amincewa da wannan ma'aunin zuwa 10x waccan ƙimar, ko inci 0.00005.Har yanzu kyawawan ƙananan kuskure.

Al'amura suna ƙara ƙara ruɗi don ma'aunin CMM na kanti.Idan an ajiye CMM a cikin dakin bincike mai sarrafa zafin jiki, yana taimakawa sosai.Amma a kan Babban Shagon, yanayin zafi na iya bambanta sosai.Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da CMM zai iya ramawa don bambancin zafin jiki, amma babu wanda yake cikakke.

Masu yin CMM sau da yawa suna ƙayyadad da daidaito don rukunin zafin jiki, kuma bisa ga ma'aunin ISO 10360-2 don daidaiton CMM, ƙungiyar al'ada ita ce 64-72F (18-22C).Wannan yana da kyau sai dai in Gidan Shagon ku ya kasance 86F a lokacin rani.Sa'an nan kuma ba ku da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don kuskuren.

Wasu masana'antun za su ba ku saitin matakan hawa ko maɗaurin zafin jiki tare da ƙayyadaddun daidaito daban-daban.Amma menene zai faru idan kun kasance cikin kewayo fiye da ɗaya don sassa iri ɗaya a lokuta daban-daban na yini ko ranaku daban-daban na mako?

Mutum ya fara samun ƙirƙira kasafin kuɗi na rashin tabbas wanda zai ba da damar mafi munin lokuta.Idan waɗannan munanan lamuran sun haifar da rashin yarda ga sassan ku, ana buƙatar ƙarin canje-canjen tsari:

• Kuna iya iyakance amfani da CMM zuwa wasu lokuta na yini lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi cikin mafi kyawun jeri.
• Kuna iya zaɓar injin ƙananan sassa ko fasali a takamaiman lokuta na rana.
• Mafi kyawun CMM na iya samun ingantattun bayanai don kewayon zafin ku.Suna iya zama masu daraja duk da cewa suna iya yin tsada da yawa.

Tabbas waɗannan matakan za su yi illa ga ikon ku na tsara jadawalin ayyukanku daidai.Nan da nan kuna tunanin cewa ingantacciyar kula da sauyin yanayi a kan Gidan Shagon na iya zama jari mai fa'ida.

Kuna iya ganin yadda duk wannan abin auna ya ke zama mai ban tsoro.

Sauran abubuwan da ke tafiya hannu da hannu shine yadda aka ƙayyade juriyar da CMM za ta bincika.Ma'aunin gwal shine Girman Geometric da Haƙuri (GD&T).Duba kwas ɗin mu na gabatarwa akan GD&T don ƙarin koyo.

CMM Software

CMM yana gudanar da nau'ikan software iri-iri.Ana kiran mizanin DMIS, wanda ke tsaye ga Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Ma'auni.Duk da yake ba shine babban kayan aikin software ga kowane masana'anta na CMM ba, yawancinsu aƙalla suna goyan bayansa.

Masu masana'anta sun ƙirƙiri nasu ɗanɗanon dandano na musamman don ƙara ayyukan ma'auni waɗanda DMIS ba ta goyan bayansu ba.

DMIS

Kamar yadda aka ambata DMIS, shine ma'auni, amma kamar CNC's g-code, akwai yaruka da yawa ciki har da:

• PC-DMIS: Sigar Hexagon
• BudeDMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOSTMOS software ce ta CMM ta Nikon.

Calypso

Calypso software ce ta CMM daga Zeiss.

CMM da CAD/CM Software

Yaya CMM Software da Shirye-shiryen ke da alaƙa da CAD/CAM Software?

Akwai nau'ikan fayilolin CAD daban-daban, don haka bincika waɗanda software ɗin CMM ɗinku ya dace da su.Ƙarshen haɗin kai ana kiransa Model Based Definition (MBD).Tare da MBD, ana iya amfani da ƙirar kanta don cire girma don CMM.

MDB kyakkyawan jagora ne, don haka har yanzu ba a yi amfani da shi ba a yawancin lokuta.

Binciken CMM, Gyarawa, da Na'urorin haɗi

Bayanan Bayani na CMM

Akwai nau'ikan bincike iri-iri da siffofi don sauƙaƙe aikace-aikace daban-daban.

CMM Fixtures

Kayan aiki duk suna adana lokaci lokacin lodawa da sauke sassa akan CMM, kamar akan na'urar CNC.Hakanan kuna iya samun na'urorin CMM waɗanda ke da masu lodin pallet ta atomatik don haɓaka kayan aiki.

Farashin Injin CMM

Sabbin Injinan Auna Daidaitawa suna farawa a cikin kewayon $20,000 zuwa $30,000 kuma sun haura sama da dala miliyan 1.

Ayyuka masu alaƙa da CMM a cikin Shagon Inji

CMM Manager

CMM Programmer

CMM Operator