A duniyar kera kayayyaki masu daidaito, inda daidaiton matakin nanometer zai iya haifar ko karya samfura, daidaiton dandamalin gwaji yana matsayin ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci don ma'auni masu inganci. A ZHHIMG, mun shafe shekaru da yawa muna inganta fasaha da kimiyyar samar da kayan dutse, muna haɗa fasahar gargajiya da fasahar zamani don samar da saman da ke aiki a matsayin ma'auni na ƙarshe ga masana'antu tun daga masana'antar semiconductor zuwa injiniyan sararin samaniya. Hanyar bambancin kusurwa, ginshiƙi na tsarin tabbatar da inganci, tana wakiltar kololuwar wannan aikin - haɗa daidaiton lissafi da ƙwarewar aiki don tabbatar da daidaito ta hanyoyin da ke ƙalubalantar iyakokin fasahar aunawa.
Kimiyyar da ke Bayan Tabbatar da Daidaito
Dandalin gwajin dutse, wanda galibi ake kira da dandamalin "marmara" a cikin kalmomin masana'antu, an ƙera su ne daga wasu ma'ajiyar dutse da aka zaɓa don tsarin kristal ɗinsu na musamman da kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Ba kamar saman ƙarfe ba waɗanda za su iya nuna nakasar filastik a ƙarƙashin damuwa, dutse mai launin baƙi na ZHHIMG® ɗinmu - tare da yawan kusan 3100 kg/m³ - yana riƙe da amincinsa ko da a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na masana'antu. Wannan fa'idar halitta ita ce tushen daidaitonmu, amma daidaito na gaskiya yana buƙatar tabbatarwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyoyi kamar dabarar bambancin kusurwa.
Hanyar bambancin kusurwa tana aiki ne bisa wata ƙa'ida mai sauƙi: ta hanyar auna kusurwoyin karkata tsakanin wuraren da ke kusa da saman, za mu iya sake gina yanayin saman ta ta hanyar lissafi tare da daidaito mai ban mamaki. Masu fasaha namu suna farawa da sanya farantin gada mai daidaito wanda aka sanye da inclinometers masu laushi a saman granite. Suna tafiya cikin tsari a cikin tsarin siffofi masu siffar tauraro ko grid, suna yin rikodin karkacewar kusurwa a tazara da aka riga aka ayyana, suna ƙirƙirar taswirar taswirar undulations na dandamalin microscopic. Daga nan ana canza waɗannan ma'aunin kusurwa zuwa karkacewar layi ta amfani da lissafin trigonometric, suna bayyana bambance-bambancen saman da galibi ke faɗi ƙasa da tsawon hasken da ake iya gani.
Abin da ya sa wannan hanyar ta fi ƙarfi shi ne ikonta na sarrafa manyan dandamali—wasu tsawonsu ya wuce mita 20—tare da daidaito mai daidaito. Duk da cewa ƙananan saman na iya dogara da kayan aikin auna kai tsaye kamar na'urorin auna laser, hanyar bambancin kusurwa ta fi kyau wajen kama karkacewar da ba ta da zurfi da za ta iya faruwa a kan tsarukan granite masu faɗi. "Mun taɓa gano karkacewar 0.002mm a kan dandamali mai tsawon mita 4 wanda hanyoyin gargajiya ba za su iya gano shi ba," in ji Wang Jian, babban masanin kimiyyar metro ɗinmu wanda ke da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 35. "Wannan matakin daidaito yana da mahimmanci lokacin da kuke gina kayan aikin duba semiconductor waɗanda ke auna fasalulluka na nanoscale."
Cika hanyar bambancin kusurwa ita ce dabarar autocollimator, wacce ke amfani da daidaitawar gani don cimma sakamako iri ɗaya. Ta hanyar nuna hasken da aka haɗa daga madubai masu daidaito da aka ɗora a kan gadar da ke motsi, masu fasaha namu za su iya gano canje-canje na kusurwa kamar ƙananan daƙiƙa 0.1 - daidai da auna faɗin gashin ɗan adam daga nisan kilomita 2. Wannan hanyar tabbatarwa ta biyu tana tabbatar da cewa kowace dandamalin ZHHIMG ta cika ko ta wuce ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da DIN 876 da ASME B89.3.7, tana ba wa abokan cinikinmu kwarin gwiwa don amfani da samanmu a matsayin ma'auni na ƙarshe a cikin hanyoyin sarrafa inganci.
Daidaiton Sana'a: Daga Ma'ajiyar Kaya zuwa Kwatankwaci
Tafiyar daga tubalin dutse mai ɗanyen zuwa dandalin gwaji mai takardar shaida shaida ce ta haɗin kai tsakanin kamalar yanayi da ƙwarewar ɗan adam. Tsarinmu yana farawa da zaɓin kayan aiki, inda masana ilimin ƙasa ke ɗaukar tubalan daga ma'adanai na musamman a Lardin Shandong, waɗanda suka shahara wajen samar da dutse mai tsari na musamman. Kowace tubalan tana yin gwajin ultrasonic don gano ɓarkewar da aka ɓoye, kuma waɗanda ke da ƙarancin fasa uku a kowace mita mai siffar cubic suna ci gaba da samarwa - misali wanda ya wuce ƙa'idodin masana'antu.
A cikin cibiyarmu ta zamani kusa da Jinan, ana canza waɗannan tubalan ta hanyar tsarin kera kayayyaki da aka tsara sosai. Injinan sarrafa lambobi na kwamfuta (CNC) suna fara yanke granite ɗin zuwa cikin girman 0.5mm na ƙarshe, ta amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi da lu'u-lu'u waɗanda dole ne a maye gurbinsu duk bayan sa'o'i 8 don kiyaye daidaiton yankewa. Wannan siffa ta farko tana faruwa ne a cikin ɗakunan da aka daidaita zafin jiki inda yanayin yanayi yake a 20°C ± 0.5°C, wanda ke hana faɗaɗa zafi daga shafar ma'auni.
Fasaha ta gaske tana bayyana a matakin niƙa na ƙarshe, inda ƙwararrun masu fasaha ke amfani da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su tsawon tsararraki. Suna aiki da goge ƙarfe mai hana ruwa da aka rataye a cikin ruwa, waɗannan masu fasaha suna ɓatar da har zuwa sa'o'i 120 suna kammalawa da hannu kowace murabba'in mita na saman, suna amfani da ƙwarewar taɓawa da aka horar don gano karkacewar da ta kai ƙaramin microns 2. "Yana kama da ƙoƙarin jin bambanci tsakanin takardu biyu da aka haɗa tare da uku," in ji Liu Wei, wani mai niƙa na ƙarni na uku wanda ya taimaka wajen samar da dandamali ga Dakin Gwaji na Jet Propulsion na NASA. "Bayan shekaru 25, yatsun hannunku suna haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwa don kamala."
Wannan tsari na hannu ba wai kawai na gargajiya ba ne - yana da mahimmanci don cimma nasarar matakin nanometer da abokan cinikinmu ke buƙata. Ko da tare da injin niƙa CNC na zamani, rashin tsari na crystalline na granite yana haifar da ƙananan kololuwa da kwari waɗanda fahimtar ɗan adam kawai za ta iya yin laushi akai-akai. Masu sana'armu suna aiki biyu-biyu, suna canzawa tsakanin zaman niƙa da aunawa ta amfani da German Mahr Mita 1000 na minti (ƙuduri 0.5μm) da matakan lantarki na Swiss WYLER, suna tabbatar da cewa babu wani yanki da ya wuce juriyar lanƙwasa ta 3μm/m don dandamali na yau da kullun da 1μm/m don daidaiton maki.
Bayan Fage: Kula da Muhalli da Tsawon Rai
Tsarin granite mai daidaito yana da inganci kamar yanayin da yake aiki. Ganin wannan, mun haɓaka abin da muka yi imani yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ci gaba a masana'antar. Zafin jiki da danshi mai dorewa (bita da aka sarrafa zafin jiki da danshi), wanda ya mamaye sama da murabba'in mita 1 a babban wurin aikinmu. Waɗannan ɗakunan suna da benaye masu kauri mita 1 masu kauri waɗanda aka keɓe ta hanyar ramuka masu hana girgizar ƙasa 500mm (rami mai danshi) kuma suna amfani da cranes masu shiru waɗanda ke rage tasirin yanayi - abubuwa masu mahimmanci lokacin auna ƙananan bambance-bambancen da suka fi ƙwayar cuta.
Sigogin muhalli a nan ba su wuce matsanancin yanayi ba: bambancin zafin jiki yana iyakance zuwa ±0.1°C a kowace sa'o'i 24, danshi yana riƙe da kashi 50% ± 2%, da kuma ƙididdigar barbashi na iska da aka kiyaye a ma'aunin ISO 5 (ƙasa da barbashi 3,520 na 0.5μm ko mafi girma a kowace mita mai siffar cubic). Irin waɗannan yanayi ba wai kawai suna tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni yayin samarwa ba, har ma suna kwaikwayon yanayin da za a yi amfani da dandamalinmu a ƙarshe. "Muna gwada kowane dandamali a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi tsauri fiye da abin da yawancin abokan ciniki za su taɓa fuskanta," in ji Zhang Li, ƙwararren injiniyan muhallinmu. "Idan dandamali ya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali a nan, zai yi aiki a ko'ina a duniya."
Wannan alƙawarin kula da muhalli ya shafi tsarin marufi da jigilar kayayyaki. Kowace dandamali tana naɗe da kumfa mai kauri 1cm kuma an ɗaure ta a cikin akwatunan katako na musamman waɗanda aka lulluɓe da kayan rage girgiza, sannan a kai ta ta hanyar jiragen ruwa na musamman waɗanda aka sanye da tsarin dakatar da hawa sama. Har ma muna sa ido kan girgiza da zafin jiki yayin jigilar kaya ta amfani da na'urori masu auna IoT, muna ba wa abokan ciniki cikakken tarihin muhalli na samfurinsu kafin ya bar wurinmu.
Sakamakon wannan tsari mai kyau shine samfurin da ke da tsawon rai na musamman. Duk da cewa matsakaicin masana'antu yana nuna cewa dandamalin granite na iya buƙatar sake daidaitawa bayan shekaru 5-7, abokan cinikinmu galibi suna ba da rahoton ingantaccen aiki na tsawon shekaru 15 ko fiye. Wannan tsawon rai ba wai kawai ya samo asali ne daga kwanciyar hankali na granite ba har ma da hanyoyinmu na rage damuwa, wanda ya haɗa da tsufa na tubalan da ba su da amfani na tsawon akalla watanni 24 kafin a yi aiki. "Mun sami abokin ciniki ya dawo da dandamali don dubawa bayan shekaru 12," in ji manajan kula da inganci Chen Tao. "Siffarsa ta canza da 0.8μm kawai - a cikin ƙayyadaddun haƙuri na asali. Wannan shine bambancin ZHHIMG."
Kafa Ma'auni: Takaddun shaida da Ganewa a Duniya
A cikin masana'antar da ake yawan ikirarin daidaito, tabbatarwa mai zaman kanta tana da ƙarfi sosai. ZHHIMG tana alfahari da cewa ita ce kaɗai masana'anta a ɓangarenmu da ke riƙe da takaddun shaida na ISO 9001, ISO 45001, da ISO 14001 a lokaci guda, wani bambanci da ke nuna jajircewarmu ga inganci, amincin wurin aiki, da alhakin muhalli. Kayan aikin auna mu, gami da kayan aikin German Mahr da na Japan Mitutoyo, suna fuskantar daidaito kowace shekara ta Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Lantarki ta Shandong, tare da bin diddigin ƙa'idodin ƙasa ta hanyar binciken yau da kullun.
Waɗannan takaddun shaida sun buɗe ƙofofi ga haɗin gwiwa da wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyi mafi buƙata a duniya. Daga samar da tushen granite don injunan lithography na semiconductor na Samsung zuwa samar da saman tunani ga Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) na Jamus, kayan aikinmu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fasahar duniya. "Lokacin da Apple ya tuntube mu don dandamali masu daidaito don gwada abubuwan haɗin kai na AR, ba wai kawai suna son mai samar da kayayyaki ba ne - suna son abokin tarayya wanda zai iya fahimtar ƙalubalen auna su na musamman," in ji darektan tallace-tallace na ƙasa da ƙasa Michael Zhang. "Ikonmu na keɓance dandamalin zahiri da tsarin tabbatarwa sun kawo babban canji."
Wataƙila mafi ma'ana shine amincewa daga cibiyoyin ilimi da ke kan gaba a binciken ilimin ƙasa. Haɗin gwiwa da jami'ar ƙasa ta Singapore da jami'ar Stockholm ta Sweden sun taimaka mana wajen inganta hanyoyinmu na bambancin kusurwa, yayin da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Zhejiang ta China ke ci gaba da tura iyakokin abin da za a iya aunawa. Waɗannan haɗin gwiwar suna tabbatar da cewa dabarunmu suna bunƙasa tare da fasahohin zamani, daga ƙirar kwantum zuwa kera batir na zamani.
Yayin da muke duban gaba, ƙa'idodin da ke ƙarƙashin hanyar bambancin kusurwa suna da mahimmanci kamar koyaushe. A zamanin da ake ƙara yawan aiki da kai, mun gano cewa ma'auni mafi aminci har yanzu suna fitowa ne daga haɗin fasahar zamani da ƙwarewar ɗan adam. Masana injin niƙa mu, tare da ikon "jin" ƙananan karkacewa, suna aiki tare da tsarin nazarin bayanai da ke amfani da AI wanda ke sarrafa dubban ma'aunin aunawa cikin daƙiƙa. Wannan haɗin gwiwa - tsoho da sabo, ɗan adam da na'ura - yana bayyana hanyarmu ta yin daidai.
Ga injiniyoyi da ƙwararru masu inganci waɗanda aka ɗora wa alhakin tabbatar da daidaiton samfuransu, zaɓin dandamalin gwaji ya zama dole. Ba wai kawai game da cika ƙa'idodi ba ne, har ma game da kafa wurin tunani da za su iya amincewa da shi a ɓoye. A ZHHIMG, ba wai kawai muna gina dandamalin dutse ba ne—muna gina kwarin gwiwa. Kuma a cikin duniyar da ƙaramin ma'auni zai iya yin babban tasiri, wannan kwarin gwiwa shine komai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-03-2025