Tara madaidaicin matakai na gyare-gyaren yumbu na zirconia

Tara madaidaicin matakai na gyare-gyaren yumbu na zirconia
Tsarin gyare-gyare yana taka rawar haɗin gwiwa a cikin dukkanin tsarin shirye-shiryen kayan yumbura, kuma shine mabuɗin don tabbatar da amincin aiki da sake maimaita kayan aikin yumbura da aka gyara.
Tare da ci gaban al'umma, hanyar gargajiya ta hannu, hanyar kafa dabaran, hanyar grouting, da dai sauransu na yumbu na gargajiya ba za su iya biyan bukatun al'umma na zamani don samarwa da tsaftacewa ba, don haka an haifar da sabon tsari.ZrO2 lafiya yumbu kayan ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin wadannan 9 iri gyare-gyaren matakai (2 iri bushe hanyoyin da 7 iri rigar hanyoyin):

1. Busassun gyare-gyare

1.1 Busasshen latsawa

Busassun latsawa yana amfani da matsa lamba don danna foda yumbu zuwa wani siffa ta jiki.Mahimmancinsa shine cewa a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin waje, ƙwayoyin foda suna kusantar juna a cikin mold, kuma an haɗa su da tabbaci ta hanyar rikici na ciki don kula da wani nau'i.Babban lahani a jikin koren da aka danne busassun shine spallation, wanda ya faru ne saboda juzu'in ciki tsakanin foda da jujjuyawar da ke tsakanin foda da bangon ƙira, yana haifar da asarar matsa lamba a cikin jiki.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da busassun busassun shine cewa girman koren jiki daidai ne, aikin yana da sauƙi, kuma ya dace don gane aikin injiniya;Abubuwan da ke cikin danshi da ɗaure a cikin busassun busassun kore sun ragu, kuma bushewa da raguwar harbe-harbe kadan ne.An fi amfani da shi don samar da samfurori tare da siffofi masu sauƙi, kuma yanayin yanayin yana da ƙananan.Ƙaruwar farashin samarwa da lalacewa ta haifar shine rashin lahani na busassun latsawa.

1.2 Isostatic latsawa

Isostatic latsa hanya ce ta musamman ta ƙirƙira bisa tushen busasshen matsi na gargajiya.Yana amfani da matsa lamba na watsa ruwa don amfani da matsa lamba daidai gwargwado ga foda a cikin na'urar roba daga kowane bangare.Saboda daidaituwar matsa lamba na ciki na ruwa, foda yana ɗaukar matsa lamba ɗaya a duk kwatance, don haka za'a iya kaucewa bambancin da yawa na jikin kore.

Isostatic latsa ya kasu kashi rigar jakar isostatic latsawa da busassun jakar isostatic latsawa.Rigar jakar isostatic latsawa na iya samar da samfura tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa, amma yana iya aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba.Dry jakar isostatic latsa iya gane atomatik ci gaba da aiki, amma iya kawai samar da samfurori tare da sauki siffofi kamar murabba'i, zagaye, da tubular giciye-sections.Isostatic latsa iya samun uniform da m kore jiki, tare da kananan harbe-harbe shrinkage da uniform shrinkage a duk kwatance, amma kayan aiki ne hadaddun da tsada, da kuma samar da inganci ba high, kuma shi ne kawai dace da samar da kayan da musamman na musamman. bukatun.

2. Rigar kafa

2.1 Tafiya
Tsarin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare yana kama da simintin tef, bambanci shine tsarin gyare-gyaren ya haɗa da tsarin bushewar jiki da tsarin coagulation na sinadarai.Rashin ruwa na jiki yana kawar da ruwa a cikin slurry ta hanyar aikin capillary na gypsum mold.Ca2 + da aka haifar ta hanyar rushewar CaSO4 na saman yana ƙara ƙarfin ionic na slurry, yana haifar da flocculation na slurry.
Ƙarƙashin aikin rashin ruwa na jiki da haɗin gwiwar sinadaran, ana ajiye ƙwayoyin foda na yumbu a kan bangon gypsum mold.Grouting ya dace da shirye-shiryen manyan sassa na yumbura tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa, amma ingancin jikin kore, ciki har da siffar, yawa, ƙarfi, da dai sauransu, ba shi da kyau, ƙarfin aiki na ma'aikata yana da girma, kuma bai dace ba. don aiki ta atomatik.

2.2 Zafi mutun simintin gyaran kafa
Zafin mutuƙar zafi shine a haxa foda yumbu tare da ɗaure (paraffin) a ƙaramin zafin jiki (60 ~ 100 ℃) don samun slurry don zafin mutuƙar simintin.Ana shigar da slurry a cikin ƙirar ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin aikin da aka matsa, kuma ana kiyaye matsa lamba.Ana sanyaya, tarwatsewa don samun babu komai a cikin kakin zuma, ana dewaxed blank ɗin a ƙarƙashin kariya na foda marar amfani don samun jikin kore, kuma koren jikin yana jujjuya cikin zafin jiki mai zafi ya zama ain.

Koren jikin da aka samar ta hanyar simintin kashe zafi yana da madaidaicin ma'auni, tsarin ciki iri ɗaya, ƙarancin lalacewa da ingantaccen samarwa, kuma ya dace da albarkatun ƙasa iri-iri.Yawan zafin jiki na kakin zuma slurry da mold yana buƙatar kulawa sosai, in ba haka ba zai haifar da allura ko nakasawa, don haka bai dace da kera manyan sassa ba, kuma tsarin harbe-harbe guda biyu yana da rikitarwa kuma amfani da makamashi yana da girma.

2.3 Simintin tef
Yin simintin faifai shine a haɗa foda yumbu tare da adadi mai yawa na masu ɗaure, filastik, masu rarrabawa, da sauransu don samun slurry mai kyalli mai gudana, ƙara slurry zuwa hopper na na'urar simintin, kuma a yi amfani da goge don sarrafa kauri.Yana gudana zuwa bel mai ɗaukar hoto ta hanyar bututun ciyarwa, kuma ana samun fim ɗin babu komai bayan bushewa.

Wannan tsari ya dace da shirye-shiryen kayan fim.Don samun mafi kyawun sassauci, an ƙara yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana buƙatar sigogi na tsari don sarrafawa sosai, in ba haka ba zai iya haifar da lahani kamar peeling, streaks, ƙananan ƙarfin fim ko kwasfa mai wuya.Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su suna da guba kuma zasu haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da tsarin da ba mai guba ko ƙasa da shi ba kamar yadda zai yiwu don rage gurɓataccen muhalli.

2.4 Gel allura gyare-gyare
Fasahar yin gyare-gyaren alluran gel wani sabon tsari ne na saurin samfurin colloidal wanda masu bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kasa na Oak Ridge suka fara ƙirƙira a farkon 1990s.A ainihinsa shine amfani da maganin monomer na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke yin polymerize cikin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, gels na polymer-solvent gels.

A slurry na yumbu foda da aka narkar da a cikin wani bayani na Organic monomers an jefa a cikin wani mold, da monomer cakuda polymerizes don samar da wani gelled part.Tun da na'urar da ke da alaƙa da polymer-solvent ta ƙunshi kawai 10% -20% (ƙarashin juzu'i) polymer, yana da sauƙin cire sauran ƙarfi daga ɓangaren gel ta hanyar bushewa.A lokaci guda, saboda haɗin kai tsaye na polymers, polymers ba za su iya yin hijira tare da sauran ƙarfi ba yayin aikin bushewa.

Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don kera sassan yumbu mai ɗaiɗai ɗaya da haɗaɗɗun sassan yumbu, waɗanda za su iya samar da sassan yumbu masu sarƙaƙƙiya, masu girman nau'in net ɗin, kuma ƙarfinsa kore ya kai 20-30Mpa ko fiye, wanda za'a iya sake sarrafa shi.Babbar matsalar wannan hanya ita ce yawan raguwar jikin amfrayo yana da yawa a lokacin aikin ƙwanƙwasa, wanda a sauƙaƙe yana haifar da nakasar jikin tayin;wasu kwayoyin monomers suna da hana iskar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da kwasfa da faduwa;saboda yanayin da aka haifar da tsarin kwayoyin monomer polymerization, yana haifar da aski na zafin jiki yana haifar da kasancewar damuwa na ciki, wanda ke haifar da raguwa da sauransu.

2.5 Direct solidification allura gyare-gyare
Direct solidification allura gyare-gyaren fasaha ne mai gyare-gyaren da ETH Zurich ya haɓaka: ruwa mai narkewa, yumbu foda da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta sun kasance cikakke gauraye don samar da kwanciyar hankali na electrostatically, ƙananan danko, babban abun ciki mai ƙarfi, wanda za'a iya canzawa ta ƙara Slurry pH ko sunadarai. wanda ke ƙara yawan ƙwayar electrolyte, sa'an nan kuma ana allurar slurry a cikin wani nau'in da ba shi da porous.

Sarrafa ci gaban halayen sunadarai yayin aiwatarwa.Amsar kafin yin gyare-gyaren allura ana aiwatar da shi sannu a hankali, dankowar slurry yana raguwa, kuma ana haɓaka halayen bayan gyare-gyaren allura, slurry ɗin yana ƙarfafawa, kuma slurry na ruwa yana rikida zuwa jiki mai ƙarfi.Jikin kore da aka samu yana da kyawawan kaddarorin inji kuma ƙarfin zai iya kaiwa 5kPa.Koren jiki yana rushewa, bushewa kuma an yayyafa shi don samar da ɓangaren yumbu na siffar da ake so.

Amfaninsa shine cewa baya buƙatar ko kawai yana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata (kasa da 1%), jikin kore baya buƙatar ragewa, ƙarancin jikin kore ya zama iri ɗaya, ƙarancin dangi yana da girma (55% ~ 70%), kuma yana iya samar da sassan yumbu masu girma da sarkakiya.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa abubuwan da ake amfani da su suna da tsada, kuma ana fitar da iskar gas gabaɗaya yayin amsawar.

2.6 Gyaran allura
An daɗe da yin amfani da gyare-gyaren allura a cikin gyare-gyaren samfuran filastik da gyaran ƙarfe na ƙarfe.Wannan tsari yana amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki na thermoplastic Organics ko babban zafin jiki na maganin thermosetting.Ana haɗe foda da mai ɗaukar kwayoyin halitta a cikin kayan haɗawa na musamman, sa'an nan kuma allura a cikin ƙirar a ƙarƙashin matsanancin matsin lamba (dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan MPa).Saboda babban matsa lamba na gyare-gyare, wuraren da aka samu suna da madaidaicin ma'auni, babban santsi da tsari mai mahimmanci;Yin amfani da kayan aikin gyaran gyare-gyare na musamman yana inganta haɓakar samar da kayan aiki.

A ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s, an yi amfani da tsarin gyare-gyaren allura don gyare-gyaren sassan yumbu.Wannan tsari yana fahimtar gyare-gyaren filastik na kayan bakararre ta hanyar ƙara yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta, wanda shine tsarin gyare-gyaren yumbu na yau da kullum.A cikin fasahar yin gyare-gyaren allura, ban da yin amfani da kwayoyin thermoplastic (kamar polyethylene, polystyrene), abubuwan da ake amfani da su na thermosetting (kamar resin epoxy, resin phenolic), ko polymers mai narkewa a matsayin babban ɗaure, wajibi ne a ƙara wasu ƙididdiga masu yawa na tsari. kayan taimako kamar su robobi, man shafawa da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka ruwa na dakatarwar allurar yumbu da kuma tabbatar da ingancin gyare-gyaren allurar.

Tsarin gyare-gyaren allura yana da fa'idodi na babban mataki na aiki da kai da madaidaicin girman gyare-gyaren blank.Koyaya, abubuwan da ke cikin jikin kore na sassan yumbu masu ƙera allura sun kai 50vol%.Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, har ma da kwanaki da yawa zuwa kwanaki da yawa, don kawar da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin sintepon na gaba, kuma yana da sauƙi don haifar da lahani mai kyau.

2.7 Colloidal allura gyare-gyare
Domin warware matsalolin da yawa na kwayoyin halitta da aka kara da kuma wahalar kawar da matsaloli a cikin tsarin gyaran allura na gargajiya, Jami'ar Tsinghua ta kirkiro wani sabon tsari na yin gyare-gyaren yumbura na colloidal, kuma da kanta ta samar da samfurin gyare-gyare na colloidal. don gane allurar bakararre yumbu slurry.kafa.

Babban ra'ayin shine a haɗa gyare-gyaren colloidal tare da gyare-gyaren allura, ta amfani da kayan aikin allura na mallakar mallaka da sabuwar fasahar warkewa da aka samar ta hanyar gyare-gyaren colloidal in-wuri.Wannan sabon tsari yana amfani da ƙasa da 4wt.% na kwayoyin halitta.Ana amfani da ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin monomers ko ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin dakatarwar tushen ruwa don hanzarta haifar da polymerization na monomers na halitta bayan allura a cikin ƙirar don samar da kwarangwal na cibiyar sadarwa na kwayoyin halitta, wanda a ko'ina yana kunsa foda yumbu.Daga cikin su, ba wai kawai lokacin raguwa ba ya ragu sosai, amma har ma yiwuwar raguwa na raguwa yana raguwa sosai.

Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin gyare-gyaren allura na yumbura da gyare-gyaren colloidal.Babban bambanci shi ne cewa na farko yana cikin nau'in gyare-gyaren filastik, na biyu kuma na slurry gyare-gyaren, wato, slurry ba shi da filastik kuma abu ne maras kyau.Saboda slurry ba shi da filastik a cikin gyare-gyare na colloidal, ba za a iya ɗaukar ra'ayin gargajiya na yumbu allurar gyare-gyare ba.Idan an haɗa gyare-gyaren colloidal tare da gyare-gyaren allura, ana samun gyare-gyaren colloidal na kayan yumbura ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin allura na mallaka da sabuwar fasahar warkewa da aka samar ta hanyar gyare-gyaren colloidal a cikin-wuri.

Sabon tsarin yin gyare-gyaren allurar colloidal na yumbu ya sha bamban da gyare-gyaren colloidal na gama-gari da na gargajiya.Amfanin babban digiri na gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na atomatik shine ƙaddamarwa mai mahimmanci na tsarin gyare-gyare na colloidal, wanda zai zama bege ga masana'antu na manyan kayan aikin fasaha.