A cikin gina dandamalin iska mai matsakaicin matsin lamba, zaɓin tushe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin dandamalin gabaɗaya. Tushen daidaiton dutse da tushen ƙarfe na siminti suna da nasu halaye, kuma akwai bambance-bambance a bayyane a cikin manyan girma kamar kwanciyar hankali, daidaiton kulawa, dorewa da farashi.
Na farko, kwanciyar hankali: tsarin halitta mai yawa da ƙarfe
Bayan shekaru miliyoyi na canje-canje a fannin ƙasa, ana haɗa granite da quartz, feldspar da sauran ma'adanai don samar da tsari mai kauri da daidaito. Idan aka fuskanci tsangwama daga waje, kamar girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da manyan kayan aiki a cikin masana'antar, tushen granite zai iya toshewa da rage shi yadda ya kamata ta hanyar dogaro da tsarin lu'ulu'u mai rikitarwa, wanda zai iya rage girman girgizar ƙasa na daidaitaccen matsin lamba na iska mai iyo da fiye da kashi 80%, yana samar da ginshiƙin aiki mai ƙarfi ga dandamali don tabbatar da motsi mai santsi yayin sarrafawa ko ganowa mai inganci. Misali, a cikin tsarin photolithography na kera guntu na lantarki, an tabbatar da ainihin halayen tsarin guntu.
Tushen ƙarfen simintin an yi shi ne daga ƙarfen ƙarfe da carbon, kuma graphite na ciki yana rarrabawa a cikin zanen gado ko ƙwallo. Duk da cewa yana da wani ƙarfin rage girgiza, daidaiton tsarinsa bai yi kyau ba idan aka kwatanta da granite. Lokacin da ake magance babban ƙarfi da girgiza mai ci gaba, yana da wuya tushen ƙarfen simintin ya rage tsangwama ga girgiza zuwa matakin ƙasa kamar tushen granite, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙananan karkacewa a cikin motsi na daidaitaccen matsin lamba mai tsauri na iska mai iyo, wanda ke shafar aikin daidaiton dandamali a cikin ayyukan da suka dace sosai.
Na biyu, riƙe daidaito: fa'idodin halitta na ƙarancin faɗaɗawa da ƙalubalen canjin zafin ƙarfe
An san Granite saboda ƙarancin yawan faɗaɗa zafi, yawanci a 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. A yanayin canjin zafin jiki, girman tushen daidaiton granite ba ya canzawa sosai. A fannin ilmin taurari, daidaitaccen dandamalin iyo na iska mai amfani da hasken rana don daidaita ruwan tabarau na hangen nesa an haɗa shi da tushen granite, koda kuwa bambancin zafin rana da dare yana da mahimmanci, yana iya tabbatar da cewa daidaiton wurin da ruwan tabarau yake a matakin submicron, yana taimaka wa masana ilmin taurari su kama yanayin motsin jikin sama mai nisa.
Yawan faɗaɗa zafin ƙarfen siminti yana da girma sosai, gabaɗaya 10-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Lokacin da zafin ya canza, girman tushen ƙarfen simintin yana canzawa a bayyane, wanda ke da sauƙin haifar da lalacewar zafi na daidaitaccen matsi mai tsayawa a kan dandamalin iyo, wanda ke haifar da raguwar daidaiton motsi na dandamalin. A cikin tsarin niƙa na ruwan tabarau masu saurin amsawa ga zafin jiki, nakasar tushen ƙarfen simintin a ƙarƙashin tasirin zafin jiki na iya haifar da karkacewar daidaiton niƙa na ruwan tabarau fiye da iyakar da aka yarda kuma yana shafar ingancin ruwan tabarau.
Na uku, juriya: ƙarfin taurin dutse na halitta da gajiyar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi
Taurin granite yana da yawa, taurin Mohs zai iya kaiwa 6-7, juriyar lalacewa mai kyau. A dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya, dandamalin iska mai matsakaicin matsin lamba mai amfani da iska, tushen granite ɗinsa na iya jure asarar gogayya na dogon lokaci yadda ya kamata, idan aka kwatanta da tushe na yau da kullun, zai iya tsawaita zagayowar kula da dandamalin da fiye da 50%, rage farashin kula da kayan aiki, da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da aikin binciken kimiyya. Duk da haka, kayan granite suna da rauni sosai, kuma akwai haɗarin fashewa idan aka yi masa lahani ba da gangan ba.
Tushen ƙarfen siminti yana da wani ƙarfi kuma ba shi da sauƙin karyewa lokacin da yake ɗauke da wani ƙarfin tasiri. Duk da haka, a cikin tsarin motsi mai yawan mita na daidaiton matsin lamba mai tsayi na dandamalin iyo na iska na dogon lokaci, ƙarfen simintin yana fuskantar lalacewar gajiya, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ciki, yana shafar daidaiton motsi da kwanciyar hankali na dandamalin. A lokaci guda, ƙarfen simintin yana da saurin tsatsa da tsatsa a cikin yanayin danshi, yana rage dorewarsa, akasin haka, tushen granite a cikin juriyar tsatsa ya fi kyau.
Na huɗu, farashin masana'antu da wahalar sarrafawa: ƙalubalen haƙar dutse na halitta da sarrafa shi da kuma matakin aiwatar da simintin ƙarfe
Haƙar ma'adinai da jigilar kayan dutse suna da sarkakiya, kuma sarrafa su yana buƙatar kayan aiki da fasaha mai ƙarfi sosai. Saboda tsananin taurinsa, karyewar sa, yankewa, niƙawa, gogewa da sauran hanyoyin aiki suna iya rugujewa, fashewa, da kuma yawan ɓarna, wanda ke haifar da tsadar masana'antu.
Ana ƙera tushen ƙarfen simintin ne ta hanyar tsarin simintin da ya girma, tushen albarkatun ƙasa mai faɗi da ƙarancin farashi. Ta hanyar mold ɗin, ana iya samar da kayayyaki da yawa, ingantaccen samarwa mai yawa. Duk da haka, domin cimma daidaito da kwanciyar hankali iri ɗaya kamar tushen granite, tsarin simintin da buƙatun bayan sarrafawa suna da matuƙar tsauri, suna buƙatar daidaiton injina da maganin tsufa, da sauransu, kuma farashin zai kuma tashi sosai.
A taƙaice, tushen daidaiton dutse yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen dandamalin iska mai matsin lamba mai tsauri wanda ke buƙatar babban daidaito, kwanciyar hankali da juriya ga lalacewa; Tushen ƙarfe mai siminti yana da wasu fa'idodi a cikin farashi da tauri, kuma ya dace da lokutan da buƙatun daidaito suke da ƙarancin yawa, neman ingantaccen farashi da yanayin girgiza da zafin jiki sun yi karko.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-09-2025