Bambanci Tsakanin Tsarin Motsi na Granite da Tsarin Motsi na Granite Mai Haɗaka

Zaɓin dandamalin motsi mai layi mafi dacewa da aka yi da dutse don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar ya dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa da masu canji. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kowace aikace-aikacen tana da takamaiman buƙatunta waɗanda dole ne a fahimta kuma a ba da fifiko don neman mafita mai tasiri dangane da dandamalin motsi.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun mafita ya haɗa da sanya matakan matsayi daban-daban a kan tsarin granite. Wani mafita gama gari yana haɗa abubuwan da suka ƙunshi ginshiƙan motsi kai tsaye cikin granite ɗin kanta. Zaɓar tsakanin dandamalin motsi na mataki-kan-granite da dandamalin motsi na granite (IGM) yana ɗaya daga cikin shawarwarin da aka yanke a baya a cikin tsarin zaɓe. Akwai bambance-bambance bayyanannu tsakanin nau'ikan mafita guda biyu, kuma ba shakka kowannensu yana da nasa fa'idodi - da gargaɗi - waɗanda ke buƙatar a fahimta da kuma la'akari da su sosai.

Domin samar da ƙarin haske game da wannan tsarin yanke shawara, muna kimanta bambance-bambance tsakanin manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu na dandamalin motsi na layi - mafita ta gargajiya akan mataki-kan-granite, da mafita ta IGM - daga mahangar fasaha da kuɗi ta hanyar nazarin yanayin injiniya.

Bayani

Domin bincika kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance tsakanin tsarin IGM da tsarin gargajiya na mataki-kan-granite, mun ƙirƙiri ƙira biyu na gwaji:

• Ɗauki na inji, a kan dutse
• Bearings na inji, IGM

A duka biyun, kowanne tsarin yana da gatari uku na motsi. Axis na Y yana ba da tafiya 1000 mm kuma yana kan tushen tsarin granite. Axis na X, wanda ke kan gadar haɗuwa tare da tafiya 400 mm, yana ɗaukar axis na Z a tsaye tare da tafiya 100 mm. An nuna wannan tsari ta hanyar hoto.

Don ƙirar mataki-kan-granite, mun zaɓi matakin PRO560LM mai faɗi-faɗi don axis Y saboda girman ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, wanda aka saba amfani da shi ga aikace-aikacen motsi da yawa ta amfani da wannan tsari na "Y/XZ raba-gado". Don axis X, mun zaɓi PRO280LM, wanda aka saba amfani da shi azaman axis gada a aikace-aikace da yawa. PRO280LM yana ba da daidaito mai amfani tsakanin sawun sawun sawun sawun sawun sawun Z tare da nauyin abokin ciniki.

Ga ƙirar IGM, mun kwafi ƙa'idodin ƙira da tsare-tsaren gatari da ke sama sosai, babban bambanci shine cewa gatari na IGM an gina su kai tsaye cikin tsarin granite, don haka ba su da tushen kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙirar da ke kan mataki-kan-granite.

A cikin duka nau'ikan ƙira guda biyu, an fi amfani da tsarin Z, wanda aka zaɓa don ya zama matakin PRO190SL mai amfani da sukurori. Wannan tsari ne mai matuƙar shahara don amfani da shi a yanayin tsaye a kan gada saboda ƙarfinsa mai yawa da kuma yanayin da ya dace.

Siffa ta 2 ta nuna takamaiman tsarin granite da IGM da aka yi nazari a kansu.

Kwatanta Fasaha

An tsara tsarin IGM ta amfani da dabaru da kayan aiki iri-iri waɗanda suka yi kama da waɗanda aka samu a cikin ƙirar mataki-kan-granite na gargajiya. Sakamakon haka, akwai halaye da yawa na fasaha da suka yi kama da juna tsakanin tsarin IGM da tsarin mataki-kan-granite. Akasin haka, haɗa gatari na motsi kai tsaye cikin tsarin granite yana ba da halaye da yawa masu bambanta waɗanda ke bambanta tsarin IGM daga tsarin mataki-kan-granite.

Ma'aunin Siffa

Wataƙila mafi kamanceceniya ta fara ne da harsashin injin - granite. Kodayake akwai bambance-bambance a cikin siffofi da juriya tsakanin ƙira-kan-granite da IGM, girman ginshiƙin granite, masu hawa da gada iri ɗaya ne. Wannan galibi saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ba a saba gani ba da iyaka iri ɗaya ne tsakanin mataki-kan-granite da IGM.

Gine-gine

Rashin tushen axis na injina a cikin ƙirar IGM yana ba da wasu fa'idodi fiye da mafita akan mataki-kan-granite. Musamman ma, rage abubuwan da ke cikin madaurin tsarin IGM yana taimakawa wajen ƙara taurin axis gaba ɗaya. Hakanan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren nisa tsakanin tushen granite da saman saman karusa. A cikin wannan binciken musamman, ƙirar IGM tana ba da ƙarancin tsayin saman aiki da kashi 33% (80 mm idan aka kwatanta da 120 mm). Ba wai kawai wannan ƙaramin tsayin aiki yana ba da damar ƙira mai ƙanƙanta ba, har ma yana rage raguwar injin daga injin da mai ɓoyewa zuwa wurin aiki, wanda ke haifar da raguwar kurakuran Abbe don haka haɓaka aikin sanya wurin aiki.

Sassan Axis

Idan aka yi la'akari da zurfin tsarin, hanyoyin magance matsalar da ke kan dutse da kuma IGM suna raba wasu muhimman abubuwa, kamar injinan layi da na'urorin shigar da bayanai a matsayi. Zaɓin ƙarfin maganadisu da na hanyar maganadisu yana haifar da ƙarfin fitarwa daidai gwargwado. Haka nan, amfani da na'urorin shigar da bayanai iri ɗaya a cikin ƙira biyu yana ba da ƙuduri iri ɗaya don mayar da martani ga matsayi. Sakamakon haka, daidaiton layi da aikin maimaitawa ba su da bambanci sosai tsakanin hanyoyin magance matsalar da ke kan dutse da IGM. Tsarin sassa iri ɗaya, gami da rabuwar bearing da jurewa, yana haifar da aiki iri ɗaya dangane da motsin kuskuren geometric (misali, madaidaiciyar kwance da tsaye, firam, birgima da yaw). A ƙarshe, abubuwan tallafi na ƙira guda biyu, gami da sarrafa kebul, iyakokin lantarki da hardstops, suna da asali iri ɗaya a cikin aiki, kodayake suna iya bambanta kaɗan a cikin bayyanar jiki.

Bearings

Ga wannan ƙirar ta musamman, ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancen da suka fi shahara shine zaɓin bearings na jagora masu layi. Duk da cewa ana amfani da bearings masu sake zagayawa a cikin tsarin-on-granite da IGM, tsarin IGM yana ba da damar haɗa bearings masu girma da ƙarfi a cikin ƙirar ba tare da ƙara tsayin aiki na axis ba. Saboda ƙirar IGM ta dogara ne akan granite a matsayin tushenta, sabanin wani tushe daban na kayan aiki, yana yiwuwa a sake dawo da wasu kadarorin tsaye waɗanda in ba haka ba tushen injin zai cinye su, kuma a cika wannan sarari da manyan bearings yayin da har yanzu yana rage tsayin karusa gaba ɗaya a sama da granite.

Tauri

Amfani da manyan bearings a cikin ƙirar IGM yana da tasiri sosai kan taurin kusurwa. A yanayin babban axis na ƙasa (Y), maganin IGM yana ba da taurin birgima sama da 40%, taurin pitch mafi girma 30% da taurin yaw mafi girma 20% fiye da ƙirar mataki-kan-granite mai dacewa. Hakazalika, gadar IGM tana ba da ƙaruwa sau huɗu a cikin taurin birgima, ninka taurin pitch da fiye da 30% mafi girma taurin yaw fiye da takwaransa na mataki-kan-granite. Taurin kusurwa mafi girma yana da fa'ida saboda yana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ingantaccen aiki mai ƙarfi, wanda shine mabuɗin don ba da damar samar da mafi girma ta hanyar injin.

Ƙarfin Lodawa

Manyan bearings na maganin IGM suna ba da damar ɗaukar nauyin da ya fi girma fiye da maganin mataki-kan-granite. Duk da cewa tushen PRO560LM na maganin mataki-kan-granite yana da nauyin nauyin da ya kai kilogiram 150, maganin IGM mai dacewa zai iya ɗaukar nauyin da ya kai kilogiram 300. Hakazalika, axis na gadar PRO280LM na mataki-kan-granite yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogiram 150, yayin da axis na gadar IGM na iya ɗaukar nauyin har zuwa kilogiram 200.

Motsawa Mass

Duk da cewa manyan bearings a cikin gatari na IGM masu ɗaukar injina suna ba da ingantattun halaye na aiki na kusurwa da kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, suna kuma zuwa da manyan motoci masu nauyi. Bugu da ƙari, an tsara karusan IGM ta yadda za a cire wasu fasalulluka na injina da ake buƙata don axis na mataki-kan-granite (amma ba a buƙatar axis na IGM) don ƙara tauri da sauƙaƙe kerawa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna nufin cewa axis na IGM yana da nauyi mafi girma fiye da axis na mataki-kan-granite da ya dace. Abin da ba za a iya musantawa ba shine cewa matsakaicin hanzarin IGM ya yi ƙasa, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa fitowar ƙarfin motar ba ta canzawa. Duk da haka, a wasu yanayi, babban taro na motsi na iya zama da amfani daga hangen nesa cewa babban inertia nasa na iya samar da ƙarin juriya ga rikice-rikice, wanda zai iya danganta da ƙaruwar kwanciyar hankali a cikin matsayi.

Tsarin Tsarin

Tsarin IGM mai ƙarfi da kuma ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi yana ba da ƙarin fa'idodi waɗanda ke bayyana bayan amfani da software na nazarin abubuwa masu iyaka (FEA) don yin nazarin yanayin aiki. A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika sautin farko na ɗaukar nauyi mai motsi saboda tasirinsa akan bandwidth na servo. Karfin PRO560LM yana fuskantar sautin ƙarfi a 400 Hz, yayin da karfin IGM mai dacewa yana fuskantar yanayi ɗaya a 430 Hz. Hoto na 3 ya nuna wannan sakamakon.

Mafi girman sautin da aka samu daga maganin IGM, idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya a kan dutse, za a iya danganta shi da tsarin ɗaukar kaya da kuma ɗaukar bearing mai ƙarfi. Babban sautin da aka samu daga ɗaukar kaya yana ba da damar samun babban bandwidth na servo don haka inganta aikin aiki mai ƙarfi.

Muhalli Mai Aiki

Rufe axis kusan koyaushe wajibi ne idan akwai gurɓatattun abubuwa, ko an samar da su ta hanyar tsarin mai amfani ko kuma akwai su a cikin yanayin injin. Maganin mataki-kan-granite sun dace musamman a cikin waɗannan yanayi saboda yanayin rufewar axis ɗin. Misali, matakan layi na PRO-series, suna zuwa da murfi masu tauri da hatimin gefe waɗanda ke kare abubuwan da ke cikin matakin daga gurɓatawa zuwa ga ma'auni mai dacewa. Waɗannan matakan kuma ana iya tsara su da goge-goge na tebur don share tarkace daga saman murfin yayin da matakin ke wucewa. A gefe guda kuma, dandamalin motsi na IGM a buɗe suke a zahiri, tare da bearings, injuna da encoders da aka fallasa. Ko da yake ba matsala ba ce a cikin muhalli masu tsabta, wannan na iya zama matsala lokacin da gurɓatawa ke akwai. Yana yiwuwa a magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar haɗa murfin hanya na musamman irin na bellows a cikin ƙirar axis na IGM don samar da kariya daga tarkace. Amma idan ba a aiwatar da shi daidai ba, bellows na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga motsin axis ta hanyar ba da ƙarfi na waje akan karusar yayin da take tafiya ta cikin cikakken kewayon tafiye-tafiyenta.

Gyara

Sabis yana bambanta tsakanin dandamalin motsi na mataki-kan-granite da IGM. Gatari masu layi-mota sanannu ne saboda ƙarfinsu, amma wani lokacin yana zama dole a yi gyara. Wasu ayyukan gyara suna da sauƙi kuma ana iya cimma su ba tare da cire ko wargaza axis ɗin da ake magana a kai ba, amma wani lokacin ana buƙatar gyara sosai. Lokacin da dandamalin motsi ya ƙunshi matakai daban-daban da aka ɗora a kan granite, gyara aiki ne mai sauƙi. Da farko, sauke matakin daga granite, sannan a yi aikin gyara da ake buƙata sannan a sake ɗora shi. Ko kuma, kawai a maye gurbinsa da sabon mataki.

Maganin IGM a wasu lokutan na iya zama ƙalubale yayin yin gyara. Duk da cewa maye gurbin hanyar maganadisu guda ɗaya ta injin layi abu ne mai sauƙi a wannan yanayin, gyara da gyare-gyare masu rikitarwa galibi suna buƙatar wargaza abubuwa da yawa ko duk abubuwan da suka ƙunshi axis, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo lokacin da aka ɗora sassan kai tsaye zuwa granite. Hakanan yana da wahala a sake daidaita gatari da aka yi da granite bayan yin gyara - aiki wanda ya fi sauƙi tare da matakai daban-daban.

Tebur 1. Takaitaccen bayani game da bambance-bambancen fasaha na asali tsakanin mafita na mataki-kan-granite da na IGM.

Kwatanta Tattalin Arziki

Duk da cewa cikakken farashin kowane tsarin motsi zai bambanta dangane da abubuwa da yawa, gami da tsawon tafiya, daidaiton axis, ƙarfin kaya da ƙarfin motsi, kwatancen kamanceceniya na tsarin motsi na IGM da tsarin motsi na mataki-kan-granite da aka gudanar a cikin wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mafita na IGM suna da ikon bayar da matsakaicin motsi zuwa babban daidaito a farashi mai rahusa fiye da takwarorinsu na mataki-kan-granite.

Binciken tattalin arzikinmu ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwa guda uku na farashi: sassan injina (gami da sassan da aka ƙera da kuma sassan da aka saya), haɗakar granite, da kuma aiki da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su a kan gaba.

Sassan Inji

Maganin IGM yana ba da tanadi mai mahimmanci fiye da maganin mataki-kan-granite dangane da sassan injina. Wannan ya faru ne musamman saboda rashin tushen matakan injina masu rikitarwa akan gatari Y da X, wanda ke ƙara rikitarwa da farashi ga mafita akan mataki-kan-granite. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya danganta tanadin kuɗi da sauƙin sassauƙa na sauran sassan injina akan maganin IGM, kamar kekunan hawa, waɗanda zasu iya samun fasaloli masu sauƙi da haƙuri kaɗan lokacin da aka tsara don amfani a cikin tsarin IGM.

Taro na Granite

Duk da cewa haɗakar gadar dutse mai tushe-riser-gado a cikin tsarin IGM da stage-on-granite da alama suna da irin wannan siffa da kamanni, haɗakar granite ta IGM ta ɗan fi tsada. Wannan saboda granite ɗin da ke cikin maganin IGM ya maye gurbin sansanonin matakin injina a cikin maganin matakin-on-granite, wanda ke buƙatar granite ɗin ya sami juriya mai ƙarfi a yankuna masu mahimmanci, har ma da ƙarin fasaloli, kamar yankewa da/ko saka ƙarfe mai zare, misali. Duk da haka, a cikin bincikenmu, ƙarin sarkakiyar tsarin granite ya fi ramawa ta hanyar sauƙaƙewa a cikin sassan injina.

Aiki da Haɓaka Ayyuka

Saboda kamanceceniya da yawa a cikin haɗawa da gwada tsarin IGM da na mataki-kan-granite, babu wani babban bambanci a cikin kuɗin aiki da na sama.

Da zarar an haɗa dukkan waɗannan abubuwan da suka shafi kuɗi, takamaiman maganin IGM mai ɗaukar nauyi na inji da aka bincika a cikin wannan binciken zai yi ƙasa da kashi 15% idan aka kwatanta da maganin da ke ɗaukar nauyi na inji, wanda ke kan mataki-kan-granite.

Ba shakka, sakamakon nazarin tattalin arziki ba ya dogara ne kawai akan halaye kamar tsawon tafiya, daidaito da ƙarfin kaya ba, har ma da abubuwa kamar zaɓin mai samar da dutse. Bugu da ƙari, yana da kyau a yi la'akari da kuɗaɗen jigilar kaya da jigilar kaya da ke da alaƙa da siyan tsarin dutse. Musamman ma yana da amfani ga manyan tsarin dutse, kodayake gaskiya ne ga kowane girma, zaɓar mai samar da dutse mai ƙwarewa kusa da wurin da aka haɗa tsarin ƙarshe zai iya taimakawa wajen rage farashi.

Ya kamata kuma a lura cewa wannan bincike bai yi la'akari da farashin bayan aiwatarwa ba. Misali, a ce ya zama dole a yi wa tsarin motsi hidima ta hanyar gyara ko maye gurbin wani ginshiƙin motsi. Ana iya gyara tsarin mataki-kan-granite ta hanyar cirewa da gyara/maye gurbin ginshiƙin da abin ya shafa kawai. Saboda ƙirar mataki-kan-girma mai tsari, ana iya yin wannan da sauƙi da sauri, duk da hauhawar farashin tsarin farko. Kodayake tsarin IGM gabaɗaya ana iya samunsa a farashi mai rahusa fiye da takwarorinsu na mataki-kan-granite, suna iya zama ƙalubale a wargaza su da kuma yin hidima saboda yanayin ginin da aka haɗa.

Kammalawa

A bayyane yake cewa kowace irin tsarin dandamalin motsi - mataki-kan-granite da IGM - na iya bayar da fa'idodi daban-daban. Duk da haka, ba koyaushe yake bayyana wanne ne mafi kyawun zaɓi ga takamaiman aikace-aikacen motsi ba. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar amfani a yi haɗin gwiwa da ƙwararren mai samar da tsarin motsi da sarrafa kansa, kamar Aerotech, wanda ke ba da hanyar ba da shawara ta musamman don bincika da kuma samar da fahimta mai mahimmanci game da hanyoyin magance ƙalubalen sarrafa motsi da aikace-aikacen sarrafa kansa. Fahimtar ba wai kawai bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan hanyoyin sarrafa kansa guda biyu ba, har ma da mahimman fannoni na matsalolin da ake buƙatar magance su, shine mabuɗin nasara wajen zaɓar tsarin motsi wanda ke magance manufofin fasaha da kuɗi na aikin.

Daga Aerotech.