Mene ne fa'idodin cibiyar sarrafa kayan marmara ta ma'adinai?
An karɓe amfani da simintin ma'adinai (wanda aka yi da dutse mai siffar dutse da aka yi da hannu, ko kuma resin siminti) a masana'antar kayan aikin injina sama da shekaru 30 a matsayin kayan gini.
A bisa kididdiga, a Turai, daya daga cikin kayan aikin injin guda 10 yana amfani da simintin ma'adinai a matsayin gado. Duk da haka, amfani da gogewa mara kyau, rashin cikakken bayani ko rashin daidai na iya haifar da zato da nuna wariya ga Simintin Ma'adinai. Saboda haka, lokacin yin sabbin kayan aiki, ya zama dole a yi nazari kan fa'idodi da rashin amfanin simintin ma'adinai a kwatanta su da sauran kayan aiki.
Tushen injunan gini gabaɗaya ana raba su zuwa ƙarfe mai siminti, simintin ma'adinai (simintin polymer da/ko reactive resin), tsarin ƙarfe/na walda (simintin grouting/non-grouting) da dutse na halitta (kamar granite). Kowane abu yana da nasa halaye, kuma babu cikakken kayan gini. Ta hanyar bincika fa'idodi da rashin amfanin kayan bisa ga takamaiman buƙatun tsarin, za a iya zaɓar kayan gini mafi kyau.
Muhimman ayyuka guda biyu na kayan gini - tabbatar da yanayin ƙasa, matsayi da kuma shaƙar makamashi na kayan aiki, bi da bi suna gabatar da buƙatun aiki (aiki mai tsauri, mai ƙarfi da zafi), buƙatun aiki/tsari (daidaituwa, nauyi, kauri bango, sauƙin layukan jagora) don shigar da kayan aiki, tsarin zagayawa na kafofin watsa labarai, dabaru) da buƙatun farashi (farashi, yawa, samuwa, halayen tsarin).
I. Bukatun aiki don kayan gini
1. Halayen da ba su canzawa
Ma'aunin auna halayen tsaye na tushe yawanci shine taurin kayan - mafi ƙarancin nakasuwa a ƙarƙashin kaya, maimakon ƙarfi mai yawa. Don nakasuwa mai tsauri, ana iya ɗaukar simintin ma'adinai a matsayin kayan isotropic masu kama da juna waɗanda ke bin dokar Hooke.
Yawan da kuma tsarin roba na simintin ma'adinai ya kai kashi 1/3 na na simintin ƙarfe. Tunda simintin ma'adinai da ƙarfen siminti suna da tauri iri ɗaya, a ƙarƙashin nauyi iri ɗaya, tauri na simintin ƙarfe da simintin ma'adinai iri ɗaya ne ba tare da la'akari da tasirin siffa ba. A lokuta da yawa, kauri na simintin ma'adinai na ƙirar bango yawanci ya ninka na simintin ƙarfe sau 3, kuma wannan ƙirar ba za ta haifar da wata matsala ba dangane da halayen injiniya na samfurin ko simintin. Simintin ma'adinai ya dace da aiki a cikin yanayi mai tsauri wanda ke ɗauke da matsin lamba (misali gadaje, tallafi, ginshiƙai) kuma ba su dace da siraran bango da/ko ƙananan firam ba (misali tebura, fale-falen katako, masu canza kayan aiki, karusa, tallafin sandar ƙarfe). Nauyin sassan gini yawanci yana iyakance ne ta kayan aikin masana'antun simintin ma'adinai, kuma samfuran simintin ma'adinai sama da tan 15 gabaɗaya ba kasafai suke ba.
2. Halaye masu ƙarfi
Gwargwadon girman saurin juyawa da/ko hanzarin shaft, haka nan mahimmancin aikin injin yake. Matsayi cikin sauri, maye gurbin kayan aiki cikin sauri, da ciyarwa mai sauri yana ci gaba da ƙarfafa sautin injina da motsin motsi na sassan tsarin injin. Baya ga ƙirar girma na kayan, karkacewa, rarraba taro, da taurin motsi na kayan suna da matuƙar tasiri ta hanyar damƙar kayan.
Amfani da simintin ma'adinai yana ba da mafita mai kyau ga waɗannan matsalolin. Domin yana shan girgiza sau 10 fiye da ƙarfe na gargajiya, yana iya rage girman da mitar halitta sosai.
A ayyukan injina kamar injina, yana iya kawo daidaito mafi girma, ingancin saman da ya fi kyau, da tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki. A lokaci guda, dangane da tasirin hayaniya, injinan ma'adinai sun yi aiki sosai ta hanyar kwatantawa da tabbatar da tushe, injinan watsawa da kayan haɗi na kayan aiki daban-daban don manyan injuna da centrifuges. Dangane da nazarin sautin tasirin, injinan ma'adinai na iya cimma raguwar matsin lamba na gida da kashi 20%.
3. Halayen zafi
Masana sun kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 80% na karkacewar kayan aikin injina suna faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin zafi. Katsewar tsari kamar hanyoyin zafi na ciki ko na waje, dumama kafin lokaci, canza kayan aiki, da sauransu duk dalilai ne na lalacewar zafi. Domin samun damar zaɓar mafi kyawun abu, ya zama dole a fayyace buƙatun kayan. Babban zafi na musamman da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ba da damar jefa ma'adanai cikin ingantaccen yanayin zafi ga tasirin zafin jiki na ɗan lokaci (kamar canza kayan aiki) da canjin yanayin zafi na yanayi. Idan ana buƙatar dumamawa cikin sauri kamar gado na ƙarfe ko an haramta zafin gado, ana iya jefa na'urorin dumama ko sanyaya kai tsaye cikin jefa ma'adinai don sarrafa zafin jiki. Amfani da wannan nau'in na'urar diyya ta zafin jiki na iya rage lalacewar da tasirin zafin jiki ke haifarwa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta daidaito a farashi mai ma'ana.
II. Bukatun aiki da tsarin
Inganci wani abu ne da ke bambanta simintin ma'adinai da sauran kayan aiki. Matsakaicin zafin simintin ma'adinai shine 45°C, kuma tare da ƙira mai inganci da kayan aiki, ana iya haɗa sassa da simintin ma'adinai.
Ana iya amfani da dabarun sake yin amfani da su a kan guraben da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin amfani da ma'adinai, wanda hakan ke haifar da daidaiton hawa da kuma saman layin dogo wanda ba ya buƙatar injina. Kamar sauran kayan tushe, yin amfani da ma'adinai yana ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodin ƙira. Kauri na bango, kayan haɗi masu ɗauke da kaya, abubuwan da aka saka a haƙarƙari, hanyoyin ɗora kaya da sauke kaya duk sun bambanta da sauran kayan har zuwa wani mataki, kuma yana buƙatar a yi la'akari da su tun da wuri yayin ƙira.
III. Bukatun farashi
Duk da cewa yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da shi daga mahangar fasaha, ingancin amfani da ma'adinai yana ƙara nuna mahimmancinsa. Amfani da ma'adinai yana bawa injiniyoyi damar adana manyan kuɗaɗen samarwa da aiki. Baya ga tanadi kan farashin injina, yin siminti, haɗawa ta ƙarshe, da ƙara farashin kayayyaki (ajiye da sufuri) duk an rage su daidai gwargwado. Idan aka yi la'akari da babban aikin simintin ma'adinai, ya kamata a ɗauki shi a matsayin cikakken aiki. A zahiri, ya fi dacewa a yi kwatancen farashi lokacin da aka shigar da tushe ko aka riga aka shigar da shi. Babban farashin farko shine farashin simintin ma'adinai da kayan aiki, amma ana iya rage wannan farashin a cikin amfani na dogon lokaci (guda 500-1000/mold na ƙarfe), kuma amfani da shi kowace shekara shine kusan guda 10-15.
IV. Faɗin amfani
A matsayin kayan gini, simintin ma'adinai yana maye gurbin kayan gini na gargajiya akai-akai, kuma mabuɗin ci gabansa cikin sauri yana cikin simintin ma'adinai, ƙira, da tsarin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da simintin ma'adinai sosai a fannoni da yawa na kayan aikin injina kamar injin niƙa da injina mai sauri. Masu kera injin niƙa sun kasance majagaba a ɓangaren kayan aikin injina ta amfani da simintin ma'adinai don gadajen injina. Misali, kamfanoni masu shahara a duniya kamar ABA z&b, Bahmler, Jung, Mikrosa, Schaudt, Stude, da sauransu koyaushe suna cin gajiyar danshi, rashin ƙarfin zafi da kuma ingancin simintin ma'adinai don samun daidaito mai kyau da ingancin saman a cikin tsarin niƙa.
Tare da ƙaruwar nauyin da ke ƙaruwa, kamfanonin da ke kan gaba a duniya a fannin niƙa kayan aiki suna ƙara samun karɓuwa daga kamfanonin da ke kan gaba a duniya. Gadon simintin ma'adinai yana da matuƙar tauri kuma yana iya kawar da ƙarfin da haɓakar injin layi ke haifarwa. A lokaci guda, haɗin gwiwar halitta na ingantaccen aikin shaƙar girgiza da injin layi na iya inganta ingancin saman aikin da kuma tsawon lokacin sabis na ƙafafun niƙa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-18-2022