A cikin kayan sarrafa lambobi na CNC, kodayake kaddarorin jiki na granite suna ba da tushe don aiwatar da daidaitaccen tsari, abubuwan da ke tattare da shi na iya samun tasirin abubuwa da yawa akan daidaiton sarrafawa, waɗanda ke bayyana musamman kamar haka:
1. Rashin lahani a cikin aiki wanda ke haifar da karyewar abu
Halin ƙwanƙwasa na granite (ƙarfin matsawa mai ƙarfi amma ƙarancin ƙarfi, yawanci ƙarfin flexural shine kawai 1/10 zuwa 1/20 na ƙarfin matsawa) yana sa ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da matsaloli irin su ɓarkewar gefe da ƙananan microcracks yayin aiki.
Lalacewar microscopic yana shafar daidaitaccen canja wuri: Lokacin yin niƙa ko niƙa mai tsayi, ƙananan fasa a wuraren tuntuɓar kayan aiki na iya haifar da filaye marasa daidaituwa, haifar da kurakuran madaidaiciyar maɓalli na maɓalli kamar rails na jagora da kayan aiki don faɗaɗa (misali, flatness yana raguwa daga madaidaicin ± 1μm / m zuwa ± 3 ~ 5μm / m). Wadannan ƙananan lahani za a watsa su kai tsaye zuwa sassan da aka sarrafa, musamman a cikin yanayin sarrafawa kamar daidaitattun kayan aikin gani da masu ɗaukar hoto na semiconductor, wanda zai iya haifar da karuwa a cikin yanayin aikin aikin (ƙimar Ra yana ƙaruwa daga 0.1μm zuwa sama da 0.5μm), yana shafar aikin gani ko aikin na'ura.
Haɗarin karaya kwatsam a cikin aiki mai ƙarfi: A cikin yanayin yanayin yankan sauri (kamar saurin igiya> 15,000 r/min) ko ƙimar ciyarwa> 20m/min, abubuwan granite na iya samun rarrabuwar kawuna saboda ƙarfin tasirin tasirin nan take. Misali, lokacin da hanyar dogo na jagorar ke canza alkibla cikin sauri, ɓarkewar gefen zai iya haifar da yanayin motsi don karkata daga hanyar ƙa'idar, yana haifar da faduwa kwatsam cikin daidaiton matsayi (kuskuren sakawa yana faɗaɗa daga ± 2μm zuwa fiye da ± 10μm), har ma yana haifar da karon kayan aiki da gogewa.
Na biyu, asarar daidaito mai tsauri ta haifar da sabani tsakanin nauyi da tsauri
Babban darajar granite (tare da yawa kamar 2.6 zuwa 3.0g/cm³) na iya kashe girgiza, amma kuma yana kawo matsaloli masu zuwa:
Ƙarfin rashin ƙarfi yana haifar da lagwar amsawar servo: Ƙarfin inertial da aka haifar da gadaje masu nauyi (kamar manyan gadaje na injin gantry waɗanda za su iya auna dubun ton) yayin haɓakawa da raguwa suna tilasta motar servo don fitar da mafi girman juzu'i, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin kuskuren bin diddigin matsayi. Misali, a cikin tsarin saurin sauri da injinan layin layi ke tafiyar da su, ga kowane 10% karuwa na nauyi, daidaiton matsayi na iya raguwa da 5% zuwa 8%. Musamman a cikin yanayin sarrafa nanoscale, wannan lag ɗin na iya haifar da kurakuran sarrafa kwane-kwane (kamar kuskuren zagaye yana ƙaruwa daga 50nm zuwa 200nm yayin tsaka-tsakin madauwari).
Rashin isasshen ƙarfi yana haifar da ƙaramar girgizawa: Ko da yake granite yana da ɗanɗanon damping na asali, modul ɗin sa na roba (kimanin 60 zuwa 120GPa) yayi ƙasa da na simintin ƙarfe. Lokacin da aka jujjuya lodi mai canzawa (kamar sauye-sauye a cikin yankan ƙarfi yayin sarrafa haɗin gwiwar axis masu yawa), tara ƙananan nakasar na iya faruwa. Misali, a cikin sashin juzu'i na cibiyar mashin axis biyar, ƙaramin nakasar ginshiƙi na granite na iya haifar da daidaiton angular axis na jujjuyawar juzu'i (kamar kuskuren ƙididdigewa yana faɗaɗa daga ± 5 "zuwa ± 15"), yana shafar daidaiton mashin ɗin na hadaddun filaye masu lanƙwasa.
Iii. Ƙayyadaddun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Ƙwararrun Muhalli
Ko da yake ƙayyadaddun haɓakar haɓakar thermal na granite (kimanin 5 zuwa 9 × 10⁻⁶/℃) ya yi ƙasa da na simintin ƙarfe, yana iya haifar da kurakurai a daidaitaccen aiki:
Zazzabi gradients yana haifar da nakasar tsari: Lokacin da kayan aiki ke ci gaba da aiki na dogon lokaci, tushen zafi kamar babban injin shaft da tsarin lubrication na dogo na iya haifar da gradients zafin jiki a cikin abubuwan granite. Alal misali, lokacin da bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin babba da ƙananan saman na worktable shine 2 ℃, yana iya haifar da nakasar tsakiya ko tsakiyar concave (deflection na iya kaiwa 10 zuwa 20μm), yana haifar da gazawar flatness na workpiece clamping da kuma shafi daidaici daidaito na milling ko nika (kamar farantin kauri tolerance ± 2 μm).
Yanayin yanayi yana haifar da ɗan faɗaɗa kaɗan: Duk da cewa yawan sha ruwa na granite (0.1% zuwa 0.5%) yana da ƙasa, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi, adadin ƙwayar ruwa na iya haifar da faɗaɗa lattice, wanda hakan ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin tsayayyen tsaftar hanyar dogo mai jagora. Misali, lokacin da zafi ya tashi daga 40% RH zuwa 70% RH, madaidaicin layin dogo mai jagora na iya karuwa da 0.005 zuwa 0.01mm/m, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin santsi na motsin jagorar zamewa da faruwar wani lamari na "jarrabi" abin mamaki, wanda ke shafar daidaitaccen ciyarwar micron.
Iv. Tarin Tasirin Gudanarwa da Kurakurai Taruwa
Wahalhalun aiki na granite yana da girma (yana buƙatar kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u na musamman, kuma ingantaccen aiki shine kawai 1/3 zuwa 1/2 na kayan ƙarfe), wanda zai haifar da asarar daidaito a cikin tsarin taro:
Gudanar da kuskuren watsawar abubuwan da suka dace: Idan akwai rarrabuwa na sarrafawa (kamar flatness> 5μm, kuskuren tazarar rami> 10μm) a cikin mahimman sassa kamar saman shimfidar layin dogo na jagora da ramukan goyan bayan ramuka, zai haifar da murdiya na layin jagorar madaidaiciya bayan shigarwa, rashin daidaituwa preload na dunƙule ƙwallon, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da lalacewar daidaiton motsi. Misali, yayin aiwatar da haɗin kai na axis guda uku, kuskuren tsaye wanda ya haifar da murɗawar layin dogo na iya faɗaɗa kuskuren tsayin diagonal na cube daga ± 10μm zuwa ± 50μm.
Tazarar mu'ujiza na tsarin da aka raba: Abubuwan Granite na manyan kayan aiki sukan ɗauki dabaru na tsaga (kamar sassaƙawar gado mai sassa da yawa). Idan akwai ƙananan kurakurai angular (> 10") ko rashin ƙarfi na sama> Ra0.8μm akan saman splicing, damuwa damuwa ko giɓi na iya faruwa bayan haɗuwa. A ƙarƙashin nauyin dogon lokaci, yana iya haifar da shakatawa na tsari kuma ya haifar da daidaituwa (kamar raguwar 2 zuwa 5μm a matsayi daidai kowace shekara).
Takaitawa da jurewa ilhama
Rashin hasara na granite yana da tasiri mai ɓoye, tarawa da tasirin muhalli akan daidaiton kayan aikin CNC, kuma suna buƙatar a magance su cikin tsari ta hanyoyi kamar gyare-gyaren kayan (kamar guduro impregnation don haɓaka taurin), haɓaka tsarin (kamar firam ɗin ƙarfe-granite hadaddun firam), fasahar sarrafa zafin jiki (kamar microchannel mai sanyaya ruwa tare da injin sanyaya ruwa na gaske) interferometer). A fagen sarrafa madaidaicin nanoscale, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da cikakken tsarin sarrafa sarkar daga zaɓin kayan, fasahar sarrafa kayan aiki zuwa tsarin injin gabaɗaya don yin cikakken amfani da fa'idodin aikin granite yayin guje wa lahani na asali.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-24-2025