NDT masana'antu (Gwajin mara lalacewa)
NDT masana'antu yana nufin saitin hanyoyin fasaha da ake amfani da su a masana'antu don ganowa, kimantawa, da kuma nazarin lahani na ciki ko na sama, kaddarorin kayan, ko ingancin tsarin abubuwan da aka haɗa ko kayan ba tare da haifar da lahani ga abin da aka gwada ba. Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu, sararin samaniya, makamashi, ƙarfe, gini, da sauran masana'antu don tabbatar da ingancin samfur, hana haɗari, da rage farashi.
Hanyoyi na Masana'antu na gama gari NDT:
- Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT)
- Yana amfani da raƙuman sauti masu tsayi don gano lahani na ciki (misali, tsagewa, ɓoyayyiya) ta hanyar nazarin sigina masu haske.
- Dace da kauri kayan da karfe sassa.
- Gwajin Radiyo (RT)
- Ya haɗa da gwajin X-ray da gwajin gamma-ray. Yana amfani da hasken lantarki na lantarki (X-rays) don kutsawa cikin kayan da samar da hotunan tsarin ciki akan fim ko na'urori masu auna firikwensin dijital.
- Mai tasiri don gano lahani kamar fasa, haɗawa, da lahani na walda.
- Gwajin Magnetic Particle (MT)
- Yana amfani da filayen maganadisu don yin maganadisu da kayan ferromagnetic. Ana bayyana lahani na sama ko kusa da ƙasa ta ƙwayoyin maganadisu da ke taruwa a wuraren da ba su da kyau.
- Yawanci ana amfani dashi don duba kayan aikin karfe.
- Gwajin Penetrant (PT)
- Ya haɗa da shafa mai shigar da ruwa zuwa saman. Lalacewar tana ɗaukar mai shiga, wanda sai a gan shi ta hanyar amfani da mai haɓakawa don haskaka ɓarna a saman.
- Ya dace da kayan da ba su da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe da robobi.
- Gwajin Eddy na Yanzu (ET)
- Yana amfani da shigar da wutar lantarki don gano lahani na ƙasa ko ƙasa a cikin kayan sarrafawa. Canje-canje a cikin ƙirar halin yanzu suna nuna aibi.
- Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sararin samaniya da masana'antar kera motoci.
X-ray a Masana'antar NDT
Gwajin X-ray wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci a cikin NDT na masana'antu. Yana amfani da haskoki na X-haskoki (high-powered electromagnetic radiation) don ganin tsarin ciki na kayan ko kayan aiki.
Ka'idoji:
- Rayoyin X-ray suna shiga cikin abin da aka gwada, kuma ƙarfinsu yana raguwa bisa girman kayan da kauri.
- Lalacewar (misali, ɓarna, fasa, ko abubuwa na waje) suna bayyana azaman inuwa daban-daban akan matsakaicin hoto (fim ko na'urar gano dijital) saboda bambancin ƙimar sha.
Aikace-aikace:
- Binciken Weld
- Gano rashin cika fuska, porosity, ko sag a cikin walda.
- Abubuwan Jirgin Sama
- Duban ruwan injin turbine, sassan injin, da kayan haɗin gwiwa don ɓoyayyun lahani.
- Sarrafa Ingantattun Masana'antu
- Tabbatar da simintin gyare-gyare ko ƙirƙira mutunci ta hanyar gano lahani na ciki.
- Binciken Bututun Jirgin Ruwa da Matsalolin Ruwa
- Ƙididdigar tsarin tsarin bututu da tankuna ba tare da rushewa ba.
Amfani:
- Yana ba da bayanan gani na dindindin (radiographs) don tattara bayanai da sake nazari.
- Dace da kauri kayan da hadadden geometries.
- Zai iya gano lahani biyu na saman da na ciki.
Iyakoki:
- Yana buƙatar tsauraran matakan tsaro (misali, garkuwar radiation) saboda haɗarin lafiya daga tsayin daka.
- Ƙarƙashin tasiri ga kayan ƙananan yawa (misali, robobi) sai dai idan an yi amfani da fasaha na musamman.
- Manyan kayan aiki da farashin aiki idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin NDT.
Maɓalli Maɓalli Tsakanin Gwajin NDT da X-Ray:
| Al'amari | Masana'antu NDT | Gwajin X-ray (wani yanki na NDT) |
|---|---|---|
| Iyakar | Ya ƙunshi fasaha da yawa (UT, RT, MT, da sauransu). | Dabarar ta musamman ta amfani da hasken X-ray don yin hoto. |
| Nau'in Lalacewa | Yana gano saman, kusa-kasa, da lahani na ciki. | Da farko yana kai hari ga lahani na ciki ta hanyar radiation. |
| Dacewar Abu | Ya dace da duk kayan (ferromagnetic, non-ferromagnetic, robobi, da sauransu). | Inganci ga abubuwa masu yawa (karfe, yumbu); yana buƙatar daidaitawa don ƙananan kayan aiki. |
Taƙaice:
NDT masana'antu fage ne mai fa'ida na dabarun dubawa mara lalacewa, tare da gwajin X-ray shine hanya mai ƙarfi ta rediyo a cikinsa. Dukansu biyu suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye amincin masana'antu, tabbatar da amincin samfur, da ba da damar kiyaye aiki a sassa daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-31-2025