Daga DIN876 zuwa ASME - Ka'idojin Zagaye na Duniya

Kowace ƙa'idar sayayya da na yi nazari a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata tana bin tsari iri ɗaya: buƙatar "bi ka'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa" ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba. Wannan jumla kaɗai ba ta gaya mini komai game da haƙurin da sashen ingancin ku ke buƙata a zahiri, hanyar aunawa da mai duba ku zai yi amfani da ita, ko kuma takardar shaidar daidaitawa ta mai samar da kayayyaki za ta cika binciken ku na ISO 17025. Wannan labarin ya warware wannan rashin tabbas. Zan bayyana abin da DIN876, ASME B89, JIS, GB, BS, GOST, da sauran manyan ƙa'idodi ke buƙata a zahiri - kuma in bayyana yadda ZHHIMG® ke aiwatar da su duka daga layin samarwa guda ɗaya a cibiyarmu ta Jinan.

Gaskiyar magana: Mai samar da kayayyaki da ke cewa "muna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya" yana ba ku harshen tallatawa, ba alƙawarin fasaha ba. Kowace babbar ma'auni - Jamusanci DIN876, Amurka ASME B89, Jafananci JIS, Burtaniya BS, Rashanci GOST - tana ƙayyade haƙurin lanƙwasa, amma shaidan yana cikin yadda kowannensu ke bayyana hanyar aunawa, ma'anar maki, da yanayin muhalli mai karɓuwa yayin tabbatarwa.

Na ziyarci masana'antu a Jamus inda masu duba suka ƙi faranti masu takardar shaidar jurewar ASME saboda tsarin aunawa bai yi daidai da hanyar DIN ba. Na ga masu siyan faranti na kudu maso gabashin Asiya suna karɓar faranti na JIS masu dacewa waɗanda abokin cinikinsu na Turai ya ƙi karɓa saboda takaddun ba su yi nuni ga DIN876 ba. Matsayin da kuke bi yana da mahimmanci kamar juriyar da kuka ƙayyade.

Bambancin da ke tsakanin sanin ma'auni da aiwatar da shi yana aiki. Yana nufin ƙungiyar samar da kayayyaki ta kamfanin ku ta fahimci takamaiman dabarun da ake buƙata don cimma daidaiton DIN Grade 00 na Jamusanci - ba wai kawai "mai faɗi sosai" ba - kuma an daidaita kayan aikin metrology ɗin su zuwa ƙa'idodin ƙasa da za a iya bin diddigin su. A ZHHIMG®, wannan ba alkawari ba ne a cikin tsarin tallace-tallace. Iko ne da aka tabbatar ta hanyar haɗin gwiwarmu da PTB (Jamus), NPL (UK), NIST (US), da sauran cibiyoyi biyar na metrology na ƙasa.

TL;DR

Kwararren Mai Niƙa / Ƙwararren Mai Niƙa na ZHHIMG®—masu fasaha na niƙa waɗanda aka horar a kan DIN na Jamusanci, ASME na Amurka, JIS na Japan, BS na Burtaniya, GOST na Rasha, EIE101-77 na Faransa, da ƙa'idodin GB na China—suna samar da faranti na saman granite zuwa ƙayyadaddun maki na Grade 00 mafi buƙata (≤0.5μm/m) a matsayin tushen su. Kowane faranti yana ɗauke da takaddun shaida na daidaitawa waɗanda aka gano zuwa cibiyoyin PTB, NPL, NIST, da cibiyoyin metrology na ƙasa, tare da takaddun da aka tsara don takamaiman ma'aunin da sashen ingancin ku ke buƙata. Masana'anta ɗaya, tsarin samarwa ɗaya, ya rubuta bin ƙa'idodi ga kowane babban ƙa'idar ƙasa da ƙasa.

Bayanin DIN876: Abin da Ma'aunin Jamus ke Bukata a Gaske don Faranti na Sama

DIN876 shine ma'aunin asali na faranti na saman granite a cikin kera daidaiton Turai. Cibiyar Ma'auni ta Jamus (DIN) ta buga, tana bayyana ma'auni uku na lanƙwasa tare da juriya da aka bayyana a cikin micrometers a kowace mita (μm/m).

Mataki na 00 yana buƙatar karkacewar lanƙwasa wadda ba ta wuce 0.5 μm/m ba. Ga farantin 1000mm, wannan yana nufin cewa dukkan saman dole ne ya riƙe a cikin jimlar karkacewar 0.5 μm. Wannan ba "mai faɗi sosai ba" - wannan shine irin haƙurin da ke buƙatar niƙa mai sarrafa yanayi, goge hannu da hannu daga ƙwararrun ma'aikata, da kuma tabbatarwa ta amfani da matakan lantarki ko na'urorin auna laser.

Aji 0 yana ba da damar har zuwa 1 μm/m, kuma Aji 1 yana ba da damar 2 μm/m. Waɗannan ba rarrabuwar kawuna ba ne. Suna nuna iyakokin masana'antu masu amfani da gaskiyar tattalin arziki cewa juriya mai ƙarfi tana kashe ƙarin lokaci da ƙwarewa don cimmawa.

Abin da masu siye da yawa ke rasa shi ne cewa DIN876 kuma yana ƙayyade buƙatun ƙaiƙayi na saman (Ra ≤ 0.63 μm don Aji 00) kuma yana ba da umarnin takamaiman zafin jiki na tunani (20°C) don ma'aunin hukuma. ZHHIMG®Master Grinder / Ƙwararren Niƙa - ƙwararrun masu fasaha na niƙa waɗanda aka horar musamman akan hanyar DIN - suna amfani da micrometers na ƙuduri na Jamusanci na 0.5 μm da matakan lantarki na Swiss WYLER don tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin DIN. Kowane farantin da aka aika wa abokan cinikin Turai yana yin gwajin lanƙwasa ta amfani da hanyar grid da aka ƙayyade ta DIN, tare da sakamakon da aka rubuta akan takaddun shaida na daidaitawa wanda aka gano zuwa PTB ta Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Lantarki ta Shandong.

ASME B89 da GG-P-463C-78: Ka'idojin Amurka da ke Kula da Kayan Aikin Aunawa

Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Amurka ta buga ASME B89.7.3.1, wanda ke kula da daidaitawa da tabbatar da daidaiton faranti na saman dutse da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin aunawa. Ma'aunin gwamnatin Amurka GG-P-463C-78, wanda yanzu aka maye gurbinsa da yawa amma har yanzu ana ambatonsa a cikin siyan sojoji da sararin samaniya, yana ba da ƙarin buƙatu don aikin kwangilar gwamnati.

ASME B89.7.3.1 tana bayyana juriyar lanƙwasa ta amfani da hanyar "mafi ƙarancin yanki", wadda ke ƙayyade mafi tsaurin layukan layi ɗaya da ke ɗauke da saman a lissafi. Wannan ya bambanta da hanyar maimaita karatu da aka ƙayyade a wasu ƙa'idodi, kuma juriyar lambobi na iya bayyana ɗan bambanci ko da lokacin da saman ƙasa yake iri ɗaya.

Don siyan kayan aiki: ASME Grade A (daidai da DIN Grade 00) yana buƙatar lanƙwasa a cikin kimanin 25 μm don farantin 48″ × 48″. Grade B (daidai da DIN Grade 0) yana ba da damar kimanin 50 μm don girman iri ɗaya. Waɗannan daidai gwargwado ne - mai duba ku na iya ƙin farantin bisa ga bambance-bambancen hanyar aunawa ko da lambobin lanƙwasa cikakke sun bayyana a matsayin abin karɓa.

ZHHIMG® yana kula da bayanan daidaitawa da aka gano a NIST don duk kayan aikin aunawa da ake amfani da su a tabbatarwar ASME. Lokacin da muke jigilar kaya zuwa abokan cinikin Amurka, takaddunmu suna nuna hanyar ASME B89.7.3.1 a sarari kuma sun haɗa da bayanan aunawa na asali, ba kawai rarrabuwar maki na ƙarshe ba. Mun samar da faranti na saman ga ƙananan 'yan kwangila na sararin samaniya da 'yan kwangilar tsaro waɗanda suka buƙaci wannan matakin takardu don amincewa da dakin gwaje-gwajen ISO 17025.

Ma'aunin JIS na Japan: Dalilin da Yasa Harshen Juriya na Tokyo Ya Sha Bamban da na Berlin

Ma'aunin Masana'antu na Japan (JIS) B 0613 ya bayyana faranti na saman ta amfani da kalmomin da za su iya rikitar da masu siye waɗanda suka saba da DIN ko ASME kawai. Inda DIN876 ya ƙayyade lanƙwasa a cikin μm/m, JIS yana nuna haƙuri a cikin μm don girman faranti da aka ƙayyade - daidai da lambobi amma yana buƙatar fassarar daban-daban yayin dubawa.

Juriyar JIS Grade 0 ga farantin 1000mm × 630mm kusan 2.5 μm ne jimillar lanƙwasa. Grade 1 yana ba da damar kusan 5 μm. Hanyar aunawa tana amfani da tsarin grid tare da karatun autocollimator, kama da hanyar DIN amma tare da takamaiman buƙatu don zafin jiki na yanayi (20°C ± 1°C don JIS Grade 0) da mafi ƙarancin lokacin daidaitawa kafin a fara aunawa.

Abin da ke da muhimmanci ga masu siyan kaya na ƙasashen waje: Faranti masu takardar shaidar JIS daga masana'antun Japan galibi suna da farashi mai kyau saboda buƙatar kasuwar cikin gida. ZHHIMG® yana samar da faranti masu bin JIS a cibiyarmu ta Jinan ta amfani da irin wannandaidaici dutse(Baƙar fata mai launin ZHHIMG®, mai yawa kusan 3,100 kg/m³) da kuma ƙwararrun ma'aikata iri ɗaya waɗanda ke gudanar da aikin DIN da ASME. Tsarin samarwa ba ya canzawa—abin da canje-canjen ke faruwa shine tsarin tabbatarwa da tsarin takardu.

Mai Siya a Moscow da Mai Siya a Munich: Dalilin da yasa Farantin Granite iri ɗaya zai iya cika dukkan buƙatun biyu

Ga wani yanayi da na ci karo da shi akai-akai: Kamfanin kera kayayyakin kera motoci na Rasha yana buƙatar faranti na saman da za su wuce binciken GOST 10905-1975 don ingancin dakin gwaje-gwajensu, yayin da abokin hulɗarsu na haɗin gwiwa na Jamus yana buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin DIN876 don wurin samarwa da aka raba. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi ne guda biyu daban-daban, ƙa'idodi biyu daban-daban na aunawa, da kuma nau'ikan takardu guda biyu daban-daban.

GOST 10905-1975, ma'aunin Rasha don hanyoyin tabbatarwa don faranti na saman, ya ƙayyade juriyar lanƙwasa ta amfani da hanyar maimaita karatu tare da kayan aiki mai matakin. An tsara teburin haƙuri bisa girman faranti da matakin, tare da Aji 0 yana buƙatar lanƙwasa a cikin 3 μm don faranti 1000mm da Aji 1 yana ba da damar 6 μm.

"Faratin ɗaya" wanda ya cika GOST Grade 0 zai iya gamsar da DIN876 Grade 0 idan an ƙera shi bisa ga juriya mai ƙarfi kuma an tabbatar da shi ta amfani da hanyar da ta dace. Mabuɗin shine ZHHIMG® yana samarwa bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin samarwa, sannan yana tabbatarwa ta amfani da takamaiman hanyar da kowace kasuwa ke buƙata. Ba ma gudanar da rukuni daban-daban na samarwa ga abokan cinikin DIN idan aka kwatanta da GOST ba - muna gudanar da tsari ɗaya da aka tsara don wuce duk buƙatun, sannan mu rubuta takaddun bin ƙa'idodi daban-daban don yarjejeniyar tabbatar da kowane ma'auni.

Wannan shine gaskiyar aiki na samarwa mai yawan gaske wanda ke raba ainihin iyawa da da'awar tallatawa.

Yadda ZHHIMG® ke Gudanar da Samarwa Mai Ma'auni Daban-daban Ba ​​Tare da Daidaita Inganci Ba

A cibiyarmu ta Jinan—m² 200,000 a fadin masana'antun samar da kayayyaki guda biyu tare da filin dutse mai fadin m² 20,000—mun shirya tsarin samar da kayayyaki don biyan buƙatun da aka tsara ba tare da raba rukuni ba.

Daidaiton kayan da aka yi da ...

Daidaiton Niƙa: Ƙwararrun masu fasaha na ZHHIMG®Master Niƙa / Niƙa suna aiwatar da niƙa har zuwa jurewar Grade 00 (≤ 0.5 μm/m) a matsayin tushenmu. Wannan ya wuce buƙatun DIN Grade 0, ASME Grade B, JIS Grade 0, GB Grade 0, da GOST Grade 0 a lokaci guda. Lokacin da muka karɓi oda don bin ƙa'idodin Grade 0, a zahiri muna samar da ƙarfin Grade 00 kuma muna ƙin faranti waɗanda suka faɗi ƙasa da wannan iyaka.

Tabbatar da Tsarin Ma'auni: Kowane farantin yana yin katin tabbatarwa guda uku ta amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban:

• · Mikromita na Jamusanci 0.5 μm don karanta saman kai tsaye
• · Matakan lantarki na Swiss WYLER don tantance lanƙwasa bisa gangara
• · Na'urar auna tsayin da za a iya ganowa ta Burtaniya Renishaw laser interferometer don auna tsawon da za a iya ganowa

Ana iya daidaita dukkan kayan aiki zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Hakora ta Gundumar Shandong, kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa cibiyoyin nazarin yanayin ƙasa na ƙasa. Ana bayar da takaddun shaida na daidaitawa bisa ga ƙa'idar da aka saba, tare da fakitin takardu da aka tsara don tsarin DIN, ASME, JIS, GB, BS, GOST, ko na Faransanci EIE101-77.

Takardu: Nan ne yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki suka gaza. Muna bayar da takaddun shaida waɗanda suka haɗa da: bayanan aunawa na asali, ma'aunin hanyar aunawa, yanayin muhalli a lokacin aunawa, lambobin daidaita kayan aiki da nassoshi da za a iya bibiya, da kuma bayanan bin ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun. Masu siye suna karɓar takaddun da za su iya gabatarwa ga masu binciken ingancinsu.

Karanta Takardar Shaidar Daidaitawa: Abin da Ya Kamata Duk Mai Siya Daga Ƙasashen Waje Ya Duba Kafin Karɓar Isarwa

Na yi nazarin takaddun shaida na daidaitawa daga masu samar da kayayyaki da dama tsawon shekaru. Ga abin da ya kamata ku tabbatar:

1. Sarkar gano abubuwa: Takardar shaidar ya kamata ta yi nuni da daidaita kayan aikin aunawa zuwa cibiyar nazarin halittu ta ƙasa (NMI). Ga masu siyan kayayyaki na Turai, wannan yana nufin PTB, NPL, ko makamancin haka. Takaddun shaida na ZHHIMG® suna nuna daidaiton PTB da NPL da za a iya bi don duk kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.

2. Hanyar aunawa: Takardar shaidar dole ne ta ƙayyade hanyar aunawa da aka yi amfani da ita—maimaita karatu, mafi ƙarancin yanki, ko hanyar grid—kuma ta yi nuni ga ƙa'idar da ke jagorantar wannan hanyar. "Flatness: 0.5 μm" ba tare da ƙayyadaddun hanya ba ba shi da ma'ana.

3. Yanayin muhalli: DIN876 da JIS duk suna buƙatar aunawa a 20°C. Idan takardar shaidarka ba ta nuna lokacin zafi da kwanciyar hankali ba, ƙimar lanƙwasa na iya lalacewa ta hanyar faɗaɗa zafi.

4. Sharuɗɗan karɓa: Takardar shaidar ya kamata ta bayyana takamaiman ma'auni da kuma darajar farantin da ya dace. "Ya yi daidai da DIN876 Grade 00" ya fi bayyana fiye da "Flatness a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai."

5. Keɓancewar takardar shaida: Kowace faranti ya kamata ta sami lambar takardar shaida ta musamman. Idan mai samar da ku ya bayar da takaddun shaida na rukuni inda lamba ɗaya ta ƙunshi faranti da yawa, ba ku da rikodin tabbatarwa na mutum ɗaya.

Teburin Kwatanta Ma'aunin Ƙasa da Ƙasa

Lura: An daidaita ƙimar haƙuri zuwa girman farantin 1000mm don kwatantawa. Daidaiton haƙuri na ainihi yana da girma da girman farantin bisa ga teburin kowane ma'auni.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Menene bambanci tsakanin DIN876 Grade 00 da DIN0?

Daraja ta 00 tana buƙatar karkacewar lanƙwasa ≤ 0.5 μm/m; Daraja ta 0 tana ba da damar ≤ 1 μm/m. Ga farantin 1000mm, wannan yana nufin Daraja ta 00 dole ne ta riƙe cikin jimlar karkacewar saman 0.5 μm a duk faɗin farantin. Daraja ta 0 tana ba da damar ninka wannan karkacewar. Daraja ta 00 tana buƙatar niƙa mai ƙarfi, kammalawa da hannu ta hanyar ƙwararrun masu fasaha, da kuma tabbatar da yanayi. Yi amfani da Daraja ta 00 don dakunan gwaje-gwaje na metrology masu ma'ana da aikace-aikacen jiragen sama ko semiconductor masu inganci. Daraja ta 0 ta isa ga yawancin aikace-aikacen sarrafa ingancin samarwa.

Shin ZHHIMG® yana ba da takaddun shaida na daidaitawa ga kowane ma'auni?

Eh. Kowace farantin saman da aka kawo a ƙasashen waje ya haɗa da takardar shaidar daidaitawa da ke nuna bin ƙa'idar da aka ƙayyade. Za mu iya bayar da takaddun shaida waɗanda ke nuni zuwa ga DIN876, ASME B89.7.3.1, JIS B 0613, GB/T 4987, BS 817-1983, GOST 10905-1975, ko EIE101-77. Kowace takardar shaida ta haɗa da bayanai na ma'auni, hanyar aunawa, yanayin muhalli, nassoshi na daidaita kayan aiki, da kuma bayanin bin ƙa'idar da aka ƙayyade. Za mu iya samar da takaddun shaida daban-daban ga kowane ma'auni idan odar ku tana buƙatar takardu masu yawa ga abokan ciniki daban-daban.

Ta yaya zan san wace ƙa'ida ta shafi ƙasata?

Yawancin ƙasashen Turai sun saba wa DIN876 ko kuma sun yarda da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa da EN. Amurka yawanci tana ambaton ASME B89.7.3.1, inda wasu lokutan masu kwangilar jiragen sama/kare ke buƙatar GG-P-463C-78. Japan tana amfani da JIS B 0613. China tana amfani da GB/T 4987. Rasha tana bin GOST 10905-1975. Birtaniya ta taɓa amfani da BS 817-1983 amma tana ƙara karɓar DIN876 bayan Brexit. Idan ba ku da tabbas, ku ƙayyade mizanin da sashen ingancin ku ko abokin cinikin ku ke buƙata, kuma za mu tabbatar za mu iya bayar da takaddun da suka dace.

Wace hanya ce ZHHIMG® ke amfani da ita don tabbatar da daidaiton siffa?

Muna amfani da hanyoyi da yawa dangane da ma'aunin manufa. Don DIN876, muna amfani da hanyar grid tare da autocollimator ko matakin lantarki, bin ƙa'idar grid da buƙatun zafin jiki da aka ƙayyade. Ga ASME B89.7.3.1, muna amfani da hanyar yanki mafi ƙarancin kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ma'auni. Ana yin duk ma'auni a 20°C tare da mafi ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali na awanni 4 bayan farantin ya shiga yanayin aunawa. Babban kayan aikin tabbatarwa namu sune micrometers na German Mahr 0.5 μm, matakan lantarki na Swiss WYLER, da kuma na'urorin interferometer na laser na UK Renishaw, duk an daidaita su zuwa cibiyoyin metrology na ƙasa.

Shin ZHHIMG® zai iya samar da faranti na saman zuwa ga ƙa'idodin GOST na Rasha don odar fitarwa?

Eh. Muna ba da faranti masu dacewa da GOST 10905-1975 akai-akai ga odar fitar da kaya ta Rasha da kamfanonin da aka yi wa rijista a Rasha waɗanda ke aiki a ƙasashen duniya. Tsarin samar da kayayyaki ya cika buƙatun GOST, kuma muna bayar da takaddun shaida tare da tsari da kalmomi masu dacewa da GOST. Mun kammala oda ga masana'antun motoci, 'yan kwangila na tsaro, da masu samar da kayan aikin mai da iskar gas a Rasha. Lokacin jagora da buƙatun takardu sun yi kama da na yau da kullun na odar ƙasashen duniya.

Me zai faru idan mai duba na ya ga farantin bai yi daidai ba?

Tuntuɓe mu nan take tare da rahoton dubawa da bayanan aunawa. Muna amsa buƙatun da ba a ƙayyade ba cikin awanni 24 a cikin kwanakin kasuwanci. Idan tabbatarwa mai zaman kanta ta tabbatar da cewa farantin bai cika ƙa'idar da aka tabbatar ba, muna maye gurbin farantin kyauta ko kuma mu bayar da cikakken kuɗin da ya haɗa da jigilar kaya. Muna adana bayanan rukuni na kowane farantin, wanda ke ba mu damar bincika ko matsalar ta samo asali ne daga samarwarmu, ko lalacewar jigilar kaya ta faru ne, ko kuma ta faru ne ta hanyar sarrafa ta ba daidai ba a wurin aikinku. A cikin shekaru 20+ na jigilar kaya ta ƙasashen waje, ƙimar da aka rubuta ta hanyar da ba ta ƙayyade ba ta ƙasa da 0.3% - kuma an warware kowace shari'a yadda abokin ciniki ya gamsu.

Nemo Faranti na Fuskokinku daga Mai Kaya ɗaya Mai Takaddun Shaida

Ko odar ku ta gaba tana buƙatar faranti na DIN876 Grade 00 don masana'antar kera motoci ta Jamus, wuraren da suka dace da ASME B89 don mai kwangilar sararin samaniya na Amurka, ko kayan aikin da GOST ya tabbatar don masana'antar kera jiragen sama ta Rasha, ZHHIMG® yana isar da su daga tushen samarwa guda ɗaya tare da iyawa mai yawa da aka rubuta.

Abin da za ku samu lokacin aiki tare da ZHHIMG®:

• · Mai samar da kayayyaki guda ɗaya don duk buƙatun ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya
• · ISO9001: 2015, ISO45001, ISO14001, da kuma CE sun sami takardar shaidar gudanar da inganci
• · Alamomin kasuwanci na ƙasashen duniya sama da 20 da haƙƙin mallaka sun yi rijista ta hanyar CCPIT
• · Daidaitawa zuwa cibiyoyin PTB, NPL, NIST, da sauran cibiyoyin nazarin yanayin ƙasa na ƙasa
• · Fakitin takardu da aka amince da su ta hanyar dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ISO 17025 da aka amince da su a duk duniya
• · Sadarwa kai tsaye da ma'aikatan fasaha—babu masu shiga tsakani na tallace-tallace kawai

Shin kuna shirye ku tattauna takamaiman buƙatunku? Nemi farashi don odar farantin saman ku na gaba kuma ku ƙayyade ma'aunin da kuke buƙata, matsayi, da girma. Za mu tabbatar da ikon bin ƙa'ida kuma mu samar da farashi cikin kwana ɗaya na kasuwanci.

Tuntuɓi ZHHIMG® don tattauna buƙatun farantin saman ku na ƙasashen waje.