Flat Panel Nuni (FPD) ya zama babban jigon talabijin na gaba.Shi ne yanayin gabaɗaya, amma babu ƙaƙƙarfan ma'anar a duniya.Gabaɗaya, wannan nau'in nunin sirara ne kuma yayi kama da lebur panel.Akwai nau'ikan nunin panel na lebur da yawa., Dangane da matsakaicin nuni da ka'idar aiki, akwai nunin crystal ruwa (LCD), nunin plasma (PDP), nunin electroluminescence (ELD), nunin lantarki na lantarki (OLED), nunin watsin filin (FED), nunin tsinkaya, da sauransu. Kayan aikin FPD da yawa ana yin su ta granite.Saboda tushen injin granite yana da mafi kyawun daidaito da kaddarorin jiki.
yanayin ci gaba
Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya CRT (cathode ray tube), nunin panel yana da fa'idodi na bakin ciki, haske, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin haske, babu flicker, kuma mai fa'ida ga lafiyar ɗan adam.Ya zarce CRT a tallace-tallacen duniya.A shekara ta 2010, an kiyasta cewa rabon darajar tallace-tallace na biyun zai kai 5:1.A cikin karni na 21st, nunin panel na lebur zai zama samfuran al'ada a cikin nunin.Dangane da hasashen sanannen Stanford Resources, kasuwar nunin lebur ta duniya za ta karu daga dalar Amurka biliyan 23 a shekarar 2001 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 58.7 a shekarar 2006, kuma matsakaicin ci gaban shekara zai kai kashi 20% a cikin shekaru 4 masu zuwa.
Nuni fasaha
Ana rarraba nunin faifan fakiti zuwa nunin nunin haske mai aiki da nunin fiɗar haske.Tsohuwar tana nufin na'urar nunin da ita kanta hanyar nunin ke fitar da haske kuma tana samar da hasken da ake iya gani, wanda ya haɗa da nunin plasma (PDP), vacuum fluorescent nuni (VFD), nunin watsin fili (FED), nunin electroluminescence (LED) da hasken halitta. nuni diode (OLED)) Jira.Na karshen yana nufin ba ya fitar da haske da kansa, amma yana amfani da matsakaicin nuni don daidaita shi ta hanyar siginar lantarki, kuma halayensa na gani sun canza, suna daidaita hasken yanayi da hasken da ke fitar da wutar lantarki ta waje (hasken baya, tushen hasken tsinkaya. ), kuma yi shi akan allon nuni ko allo.Na'urorin nuni, gami da nunin kristal ruwa (LCD), nunin tsarin tsarin micro-electromechanical (DMD) da nunin tawada na lantarki (EL), da sauransu.
LCD
Nunin kristal mai ruwa sun haɗa da nunin matrix ruwa mai ɗorewa (PM-LCD) da nunin matrix ruwa crystal nuni (AM-LCD).Duka STN da TN nunin kristal na ruwa suna cikin nunin kristal na matrix mai wucewa.A cikin shekarun 1990s, fasahar nunin kristal mai aiki-matrix ta haɓaka cikin sauri, musamman madaidaicin fim transistor ruwa crystal nuni (TFT-LCD).A matsayin samfurin maye gurbin STN, yana da fa'idodi na saurin amsawa da sauri kuma ba shi da kyalkyali, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kwamfutoci masu ɗaukar hoto da wuraren aiki, TVs, camcorders da na'urorin wasan bidiyo na hannu.Bambanci tsakanin AM-LCD da PM-LCD shine cewa tsohon yana da na'urori masu sauyawa da aka ƙara zuwa kowane pixel, wanda zai iya shawo kan tsangwama kuma ya sami babban bambanci da nuni mai girma.AM-LCD na yanzu yana ɗaukar na'urar canza launin siliki (a-Si) TFT da tsarin madaidaicin ajiya, wanda zai iya samun babban matakin launin toka kuma ya gane nunin launi na gaskiya.Duk da haka, buƙatar babban ƙuduri da ƙananan pixels don kyamara mai girma da aikace-aikacen tsinkaya sun haifar da haɓakar P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (transistor film) nuni.Motsin P-Si shine sau 8 zuwa 9 sama da na a-Si.Ƙananan girman P-Si TFT ba kawai ya dace da babban girma da nunin ƙuduri ba, amma kuma za a iya haɗa nau'i-nau'i na gefe a kan substrate.
Gabaɗaya, LCD ya dace da nunin sirara, haske, ƙanana da matsakaici tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin na'urorin lantarki kamar kwamfutoci na rubutu da wayoyin hannu.An yi nasarar kera LCDs masu girman inci 30 da 40, kuma an yi amfani da wasu.Bayan samar da babban sikelin na LCD, ana ci gaba da rage farashin.Ana samun allon LCD mai girman inch 15 akan $ 500.Hanyar ci gabanta na gaba shine maye gurbin nunin cathode na PC kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin LCD TV.
Plasma nuni
Nunin Plasma fasahar nuni ce mai fitar da haske wanda aka gane ta hanyar ka'idar iskar gas (kamar yanayi).Abubuwan nunin Plasma suna da fa'idodin bututun ray na cathode, amma an ƙirƙira su akan siraran siraran.Girman samfurin na yau da kullun shine inci 40-42.50 60 inch kayayyakin suna cikin ci gaba.
vacuum fluorescence
Nuni mai kyalli nuni ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin samfuran sauti/bidiyo da na'urorin gida.Na'urar nuni ce mai nau'in bututu mai triode electron wanda ke rufe cathode, grid da anode a cikin bututun injin.Shi ne cewa electrons da cathode ke fitarwa suna hanzari ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki da ake amfani da su a kan grid da anode, kuma suna motsa phosphor da aka rufa akan anode don fitar da haske.Grid yana ɗaukar tsarin saƙar zuma.
electroluminescence)
Ana yin nunin lantarki ta amfani da fasahar fim mai ƙarfi.Ana sanya Layer mai rufewa tsakanin faranti guda 2 kuma an ajiye wani bakin ciki na electroluminescent.Na'urar tana amfani da faranti mai rufaffiyar tutiya ko strontium mai rufaffiyar filaye tare da fiɗaɗɗen fiɗa a matsayin abubuwan da aka haɗa na lantarki.Layer ɗin sa na lantarki yana da kauri microns 100 kuma yana iya cimma tasirin nuni iri ɗaya kamar nunin diode mai haske na halitta (OLED).Wutar lantarki ta al'ada ita ce 10KHz, 200V AC ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke buƙatar direban IC mafi tsada.An sami nasarar ɓullo da babban ƙudurin ƙaramin nuni ta amfani da tsarin tuki mai aiki.
jagoranci
Nunin diode mai haske ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na diodes masu fitar da haske, waɗanda za su iya zama monochromatic ko launuka masu yawa.Diodes masu fitar da haske na shuɗi masu inganci sun kasance suna samuwa, suna ba da damar samar da manyan nunin LED masu cikakken launi.LED nuni suna da halaye na high haske, high dace da kuma tsawon rai, kuma sun dace da manyan-allon nuni don amfani da waje.Koyaya, ba za a iya yin nunin tsakiyar kewayon masu saka idanu ko PDA (kwamfutocin hannu) da za a iya yin su da wannan fasaha ba.Koyaya, ana iya amfani da da'ira mai haɗaɗɗiyar LED monolithic azaman nuni mai kama-da-wane.
MEMS
Wannan ƙaramin nuni ne da aka ƙera ta amfani da fasahar MEMS.A cikin irin wannan nunin, ana ƙirƙira sifofin injuna na ƙarami ta hanyar sarrafa semiconductor da sauran kayan ta amfani da daidaitattun matakan semiconductor.A cikin na'urar micromirror na dijital, tsarin shine micromirror da ke da goyan bayan hinge.Ana kunna matattarar sa ta hanyar caji akan faranti da aka haɗa zuwa ɗayan ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a ƙasa.Girman kowane micromirror shine kusan diamita na gashin ɗan adam.Ana amfani da wannan na'urar galibi a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto na kasuwanci da na'urorin wasan kwaikwayo na gida.
fitar da fili
Ainihin ka'idar nunin filaye iri ɗaya ne da na bututun raye-raye na cathode, wato electrons ana jan hankalin faranti kuma a sanya su su yi karo da phosphor da aka lulluɓe akan anode don fitar da haske.Kathode dinsa yana kunshe da adadi mai yawa na kananan hanyoyin lantarki da aka jera a cikin tsararru, wato, a cikin tsari na pixel daya da cathode daya.Kamar nunin plasma, nunin fitar da filin yana buƙatar babban ƙarfin aiki don aiki, kama daga 200V zuwa 6000V.Amma har ya zuwa yanzu, bai zama babban nunin lebur ba saboda tsadar samar da kayan aikin sa.
kwayoyin haske
A cikin nunin diode mai fitar da hasken halitta (OLED), ana ratsa wutar lantarki ta hanyar robobi ɗaya ko fiye don samar da haske wanda yayi kama da diodes masu fitar da hasken inorganic.Wannan yana nufin cewa abin da ake buƙata don na'urar OLED shine takin fim mai ƙarfi a kan ma'auni.Duk da haka, kayan halitta suna da matukar damuwa ga tururin ruwa da oxygen, don haka rufewa yana da mahimmanci.OLEDs sune na'urori masu fitar da haske masu aiki kuma suna nuna kyawawan halayen haske da ƙananan halayen amfani da wutar lantarki.Suna da babban yuwuwar samar da yawan jama'a a cikin tsarin nadi-by-roll akan sassa masu sassauƙa don haka ba su da tsada sosai don ƙira.Fasaha tana da nau'ikan aikace-aikace, daga sauƙi mai sauƙi na babban yanki mai haske na monochromatic zuwa nunin hotuna masu cikakken launi na bidiyo.
Tawada na lantarki
Nuni-tawada nunin nuni ne waɗanda ake sarrafa su ta hanyar amfani da filin lantarki zuwa abu mai ɗaci.Ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙananan hatimi masu bayyanannu, kowanne kusan 100 microns a diamita, yana ɗauke da wani ruwan baƙar fata rina da dubban barbashi na farin titanium dioxide.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin lantarki akan kayan bistable, ɓangarorin titanium dioxide za su yi ƙaura zuwa ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin lantarki dangane da yanayin cajinsu.Wannan yana sa pixel ya fitar da haske ko a'a.Saboda kayan yana da daɗi, yana riƙe bayanai na watanni.Tun da filin lantarki ke sarrafa yanayin aikinsa, ana iya canza abun da ke cikin nuni da kuzari kaɗan.
harshen wuta gane
Mai Gano Hoton Hoto na Harshen FPD (Manemin Harshen Hoto, FPD a takaice)
1. Ka'idar FPD
Ka'idar FPD ta dogara ne akan konewar samfurin a cikin harshen wuta mai arzikin hydrogen, don haka mahadi da ke dauke da sulfur da phosphorus sun rage ta hanyar hydrogen bayan konewa, da kuma yanayin jin dadi na S2 * (yanayin S2 mai ban sha'awa) da HPO. * (jin dadi na HPO) an haifar da su.Abubuwa biyu masu ban sha'awa suna haskakawa a kusa da 400nm da 550nm lokacin da suka dawo cikin yanayin ƙasa.Ana auna ƙarfin wannan bakan tare da bututu mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ƙarfin hasken ya yi daidai da yawan kwararar samfurin.FPD shine mai ganowa mai mahimmanci kuma mai zaɓi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin nazarin mahadi na sulfur da phosphorus.
2. Tsarin FPD
FPD wani tsari ne wanda ya haɗu da FID da photometer.Ya fara a matsayin FPD mai harshen wuta guda ɗaya.Bayan 1978, don gyara kurakuran FPD mai harshen wuta guda ɗaya, an ɓullo da FPD dual-flame.Yana da harshen wuta guda biyu daban-daban na iska-hydrogen, ƙananan harshen wuta yana jujjuya samfurin kwayoyin halitta zuwa samfuran konewa waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar S2 da HPO;harshen wuta na sama yana samar da ɓangarorin yanayi masu haske kamar S2 * da HPO *, akwai taga da ke nufin harshen wuta na sama, kuma ana gano ƙarfin chemiluminescence ta bututu mai ɗaukar hoto.An yi tagar da gilashi mai kauri, kuma bututun harshen wuta an yi shi da bakin karfe.
3. Ayyukan FPD
FPD wani zaɓi ne don tantance mahaɗan sulfur da phosphorus.Harshenta harshen wuta ne mai arzikin hydrogen, kuma isar da iskar ya isa kawai don amsawa da kashi 70% na hydrogen, don haka zafin wutar yana da ƙasa don samar da sulfur da phosphorus mai daɗi.Abubuwan da aka haɗa.Yawan kwararar iskar gas mai ɗaukar nauyi, hydrogen da iska suna da babban tasiri akan FPD, don haka sarrafa kwararar iskar gas ya kamata ya kasance karko sosai.Zazzabi na harshen wuta don ƙaddara abubuwan da ke ɗauke da sulfur yakamata su kasance a kusa da 390 ° C, wanda zai iya haifar da S2 * mai farin ciki;don ƙayyade abubuwan da ke dauke da phosphorus, adadin hydrogen da oxygen ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 2 da 5, kuma ya kamata a canza yanayin hydrogen-to-oxygen bisa ga samfurori daban-daban.Hakanan ya kamata a daidaita iskar mai ɗaukar kaya da iskar gas ɗin da ta dace don samun ingantaccen sigina-zuwa amo.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-18-2022