Labarai - Menene abun ciki na granites?

Menene abun da ke ciki na granites?

Graniteshine dutsen da ya fi kowa kutsawa cikin ɓawon nahiya na Duniya, An san shi da ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, fari, launin toka, da baƙar fata na ado.Yana da m- zuwa matsakaici-matsakaici.Babban ma'adinan sa guda uku sune feldspar, quartz, da mica, waɗanda ke faruwa a matsayin muscovite na silvery ko biotite mai duhu ko duka biyun.Daga cikin wadannan ma'adanai, feldspar ya fi rinjaye, kuma ma'adini yawanci yana da fiye da kashi 10.Feldspars alkali sau da yawa ruwan hoda ne, wanda ke haifar da granite mai ruwan hoda sau da yawa ana amfani da shi azaman dutse na ado.Granite yana kristal daga magmas masu arzikin silica waɗanda ke da zurfin mil a cikin ɓawon ƙasa.Yawancin ma'adinan ma'adinai suna samuwa a kusa da gawawwakin granite masu crystallizing daga maganin hydrothermal waɗanda irin waɗannan jikin suke saki.

Rabewa

A cikin babban ɓangare na QAPF rarrabuwa na plutonic duwatsu (Streckeisen, 1976), da granite filin da aka bayyana da modal abun da ke ciki na ma'adini (Q 20 - 60%) da P / (P + A) rabo tsakanin 10 da 65. The filin granite ya ƙunshi ƙananan filayen guda biyu: syenogranite da monzogranite.Duwatsun da ke tsinkaya a cikin syenogranite kawai ana ɗaukar granites a cikin adabin Anglo-Saxon.A cikin wallafe-wallafen Turai, duwatsun da ke nunawa a cikin syenogranite da monzogranite ana kiran su granites.Karamin filin monzogranite ya ƙunshi adamellite da quartz monzonite a cikin tsofaffin rarrabuwa.Subcommission for Rock Cassification yana ba da shawarar mafi kwanan nan ƙin yarda da kalmar adamellite kuma a sanya suna a matsayin ma'adini monzonite kawai duwatsun da ke nunawa a cikin filin quartz monzonite sensu stricto.

Haɗin Sinadari

Matsakaicin matsakaicin sinadarai na granite a duniya, da nauyin kashi,

dangane da 2485 nazari:

SiO2 72.04% (silica)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Kullum yana kunshe da ma'adanai ma'adini da feldspar, tare da ko ba tare da wani nau'i mai yawa na sauran ma'adanai (ma'adanai masu mahimmanci).Ma'adini da feldspar gabaɗaya suna ba da granite launin haske, kama daga ruwan hoda zuwa fari.Wannan launin bangon haske yana da ma'adanai masu duhu masu duhu.Don haka classic granite yana da kamannin "gishiri-da barkono".Mafi yawan ma'adanai na haɗe-haɗe sune black mica biotite da baƙar fata hornblende.Kusan duk waɗannan duwatsun ba su da ƙarfi (yana da ƙarfi daga magma) da plutonic (ya yi haka a cikin wani katon jiki mai zurfi mai zurfi ko pluton).Tsarin bazuwar hatsi a cikin granite - rashin masana'anta - shaida ce ta asalin plutonic.Dutsen da ke da irin wannan abun da ke ciki kamar granite zai iya samuwa ta hanyar dogon lokaci mai tsanani na metamorphism na dutsen sedimentary.Amma irin wannan dutsen yana da masana'anta mai ƙarfi kuma yawanci ana kiransa granite gneiss.

Maɗaukaki + Matsayin narkewa

Matsakaicin girmansa yana tsakanin 2.65 da 2.75 g/cm3, ƙarfinsa yakan kwanta sama da 200 MPa, kuma dankowar sa kusa da STP shine 3-6 • 1019 Pa·s.Narke zafin jiki shine 1215-1260 ° C.Yana da rashin ƙarfi na farko amma mai ƙarfi na sakandare.

Abin da ya faru na Dutsen Granite

Ana samun shi a cikin manyan plutons a nahiyoyi, a wuraren da ɓawon duniya ya lalace sosai.Wannan yana da ma'ana, saboda granite dole ne ya ƙarfafa sannu a hankali a wuraren da aka binne don yin irin waɗannan manyan hatsi na ma'adinai.Plutons ƙasa da murabba'in kilomita 100 a cikin yanki ana kiran su hannun jari, kuma waɗanda suka fi girma ana kiran su batholiths.Lavas ya barke ko'ina cikin Duniya, amma lava tare da nau'in nau'in granite (rhyolite) kawai ya barke a kan nahiyoyi.Wannan yana nufin cewa granite dole ne ya kasance ta hanyar narkewar duwatsun nahiyar.Wannan yana faruwa saboda dalilai guda biyu: ƙara zafi da ƙara haɓaka (ruwa ko carbon dioxide ko duka biyu).Nahiyoyi na da zafi sosai domin suna dauke da mafi yawan sinadarin uranium da potassium, wadanda ke dumama muhallinsu ta hanyar rubewar rediyo.Duk inda ɓawon burodi ya yi kauri yakan yi zafi a ciki (misali a cikin Tibet Plateau).Kuma tafiyar matakai na tectonics na farantin karfe, galibi subduction, na iya haifar da magmas basaltic su tashi a ƙarƙashin nahiyoyi.Baya ga zafi, waɗannan magmas suna sakin CO2 da ruwa, wanda ke taimaka wa duwatsu kowane irin narke a yanayin zafi.Ana tunanin cewa za a iya yi wa manyan magma na basaltic magma zuwa kasan nahiya a wani tsari da ake kira underplating.Tare da jinkirin sakin zafi da ruwaye daga waccan basalt, babban adadin ɓawon nahiya zai iya juyawa zuwa granite a lokaci guda.

Ina ake samunsa?

Ya zuwa yanzu, an san cewa ana samunsa a Duniya kawai a cikin dukkan nahiyoyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ɓawon nahiyar.Ana samun wannan dutsen a cikin ƙanana, masu kama da haja waɗanda ba su wuce 100km² ba, ko kuma a cikin wuraren wanka waɗanda ke cikin jeri na tsaunin orogenic.Tare da sauran nahiyoyi da kuma duwatsu masu rarrafe, gabaɗaya sun zama tushen gangaren ƙasa.Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin lacolites, ramuka da ƙofa.Kamar yadda a cikin abun da ke ciki na granite, sauran bambancin dutse sune alpids da pegmatites.Adhesives tare da mafi girman girman barbashi fiye da faruwa a kan iyakokin hare-haren granitic.Ƙarin pegmatites granular fiye da granite gabaɗaya suna raba adibas na granite.

Granite Amfani

Masarawa na da sun gina dala daga granites da limestones.
Sauran amfani da su a zamanin d Misira sune ginshiƙai, ginshiƙan ƙofa, sills, gyare-gyare da bango da rufin bene.
Rajaraja Chola Daular Chola a Kudancin Indiya, a karni na 11 AD a birnin Tanjore na Indiya, ya sanya haikalin farko a duniya gaba daya.Haikali na Brihadeeswarar, wanda aka keɓe ga Ubangiji Shiva, an gina shi a cikin 1010.
A cikin daular Romawa, granite ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na kayan gini da kuma babban harshe na gine-gine.
An fi amfani dashi azaman girman dutse.Ya dogara ne akan abrasions, ya kasance dutse mai amfani saboda tsarinsa wanda ya yarda da wuya da mai sheki da goge don ɗaukar ma'auni na bayyane.
Ana amfani da shi a cikin sarari na ciki don ƙwanƙwasa dutsen granite, fale-falen fale-falen buraka, benci, benayen tayal, matakan hawa da sauran fasalulluka masu amfani da na ado.

Na zamani

Ana amfani da su don kaburbura da abubuwan tunawa.
Ana amfani da shi don dalilai na bene.
Injiniyoyin sun saba amfani da faranti mai gogewa don ƙirƙirar jirgin sama saboda ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su da sassauƙa.

Samar da Granite

Ana hako shi a duk duniya amma yawancin launuka masu ban sha'awa an samo su ne daga ma'adinan granite a Brazil, Indiya, Sin, Finland, Afirka ta Kudu da Arewacin Amirka.Wannan haƙar ma'adinan dutse babban tsari ne da kuma aiki mai ƙarfi.Ana cire sassan granite daga ajiyar kuɗi ta hanyar yankan ko fesa ayyukan.Ana amfani da ɓangarorin na musamman don yanke ɓangarorin da aka ciro granite zuwa faranti masu ɗaukuwa, waɗanda daga nan ake tattara su kuma ana jigilar su ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ko sabis na jigilar kaya.China, Brazil da Indiya sune manyan masana'antun granite a duniya.

Kammalawa

Dutse da aka sani da "baƙar granite" yawanci gabbro ne wanda ke da tsarin sinadarai mabanbanta.
Shi ne dutsen da ya fi kowa yawa a cikin ɓawon nahiyoyin duniya.A cikin manyan wuraren da aka fi sani da batholiths kuma a cikin sassan nahiyoyi da aka sani da garkuwa ana samun su a cikin yankunan da yawa na tsaunuka.
Lu'ulu'u na ma'adinai sun nuna cewa a hankali yana yin sanyi daga narkakkar kayan dutsen da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo.
Idan dutsen granite ya fallasa a saman duniya, yana faruwa ne sakamakon hawan dutsen granite da yashewar duwatsun da ke sama da shi.
Ƙarƙashin duwatsu masu ɓarna, granites, granites masu ɗorewa ko duwatsu masu alaƙa yawanci suna ƙasa da wannan murfin.Daga baya an san su da duwatsun ƙasa.
Ma'anar da ake amfani da su don granite sau da yawa suna haifar da sadarwa game da dutsen kuma wani lokaci suna haifar da rudani.Wani lokaci ana amfani da ma'anoni da yawa.Akwai hanyoyi guda uku na ayyana granite.
Hanya mai sauƙi akan duwatsu, tare da granite, mica da ma'adinan amphibole, ana iya kwatanta shi a matsayin m, haske, dutsen magmatic wanda ya ƙunshi feldspar da quartz.
Masanin dutse zai bayyana ainihin abin da ke cikin dutsen, kuma yawancin masana ba za su yi amfani da granite don gano dutsen ba sai dai idan ya dace da wani kaso na ma'adanai.Suna iya kira shi alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite ko aplite.
Ma'anar kasuwanci da masu siyarwa da masu siye ke amfani da ita galibi ana kiranta da dutsen granular waɗanda suka fi granite wuya.Suna iya kiran granite na gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss da sauran duwatsu masu yawa.
Gabaɗaya ana bayyana shi a matsayin “dutse mai girma” wanda za a iya yanke shi zuwa wasu tsayi, faɗi da kauri.
Granite yana da ƙarfi sosai don jure yawancin abrasions, manyan ma'auni, tsayayya da yanayin yanayi da karɓar varnishes.Dutse mai kyawawa kuma mai amfani.
Kodayake farashin granite yana da yawa fiye da farashin sauran kayan aikin da mutum ya yi don ayyukan, ana la'akari da shi wani abu mai daraja da aka yi amfani da shi don rinjayar wasu saboda ladabi, karko da inganci.