Dalilin da yasa Masu Gina Injin Daidaito Ke Ci Gaba da Canjawa Daga Iron Mai Zane Zuwa Granite

Duk wanda ya taɓa yin amfani da na'urar auna zafin jiki a ɗakin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen ƙasa, wataƙila ya lura da irin wannan tsari: tsofaffin injinan suna kan gadajen ƙarfe, sabbin kuma suna kan dutse baƙi. Wannan canjin bai faru ba saboda dutse yana da ban sha'awa sosai a ƙarƙashin fitilun. Ya faru ne saboda matsalar kimiyyar lissafi mara kyau - faɗaɗa zafin jiki.

Ƙarfe mai siminti yana faɗaɗawa kuma yana raguwa a kusan 10-12 x 10⁻⁶ a kowace °C. Wannan yana da ƙarami har sai an sanya shi kusa da dutse na halitta, wanda yawanci yana zaune a kusa da 5-8 x 10⁻⁶ a kowace °C, kuma a wasu duwatsu masu duhu masu yawa kusa da 4-5 x 10⁻⁶. A kan dandamalin auna mita 1, juyawar zafin jiki na 1°C a cikin yanayin zafi na iya canza saman ƙarfe da microns da yawa fiye da granite iri ɗaya. Don jure wa bene na bita, babu wanda ya damu. Ga CMM yana duba matakin wafer na semiconductor, ko kuma na'urar laser interferometer mai riƙe da maimaitawar sub-micron, wannan bambanci shine duk wasan ƙwallon.

Damping yana da mahimmanci kamar faɗaɗawa

Kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi yana ɗaukar hankali sosai, amma rage girgiza yana da mahimmanci ga duk wani abu da ke yin motsi mai inganci - kan da aka ɗauka, matakan XY, da dandamali masu ɗaukar iska. Granite wani ƙarfe ne mai kama da lu'ulu'u maimakon ƙarfe mai kama da juna, don haka girgizar injiniya ba ta yaɗuwa ta cikinsa kamar yadda take yi ta hanyar ƙarfen siminti. Iyakokin hatsi na ciki suna warwatsewa da shan makamashi maimakon watsa shi cikin tsabta. A aikace wannan yana nufinTushen dutseYana sauka da sauri bayan da axis na na'ura ya daina motsi, wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa gajerun lokutan zama da kuma ƙarin fitarwa akan layin dubawa da haɗuwa.

Akwai kuma batun abin da zai faru a cikin dogon lokaci. Gadojin ƙarfe na siminti, har ma waɗanda aka rage musu damuwa, na iya yin ɗan raguwa tsawon shekaru yayin da matsin lamba na cikin gida ke sake rarrabawa. Granite, wanda aka riga aka samar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa na halitta a lokacin ilimin ƙasa, ba shi da wannan matsalar - ba ya "zama" kamar yadda siminti yake.

Ba dukkan granite ne daidai ba

Wannan shine ɓangaren da ke ɓata wa masu siye da yawa rai. Ana sayar da dutse a kan yawan da launi kamar yadda ake sayar da katako a kan nau'ikan halittu, amma aikin zahiri ya bambanta sosai tsakanin wuraren hakar ma'adinai. Dutse mai ƙarancin yawa, ko kayan da ke da jijiyoyin jini da kuma rashin daidaituwar hatsi, ba zai riƙe daidai da lanƙwasa a kan lokaci kamar dutse mai duhu mai laushi a cikin kewayon 2,900-3,100 kg/m³ ba. Wani lokaci ana maye gurbin marmara da ƙananan masu samar da kayayyaki saboda yana da rahusa kuma yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma marmara dutse ne mai kama da carbonate - mai laushi, mai rami, kuma ba shi da ƙarfi sosai fiye da dutse na gaske. Ga teburin ado wanda ba shi da mahimmanci. Ga farantin saman da binciken CMM zai yi amfani da shi sau dubbai a rana, yana da mahimmanci sosai, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da masu siye ke samun ƙarancin canji ba tare da saninsa ba har sai canjin daidaitawa ya bayyana watanni bayan haka.

Inda wannan ke bayyana a aikace

Sauya zuwa sansanonin granite ya fi bayyana a cikin kayan aikin duba semiconductor, haƙa PCB da tsarin AOI, injunan aunawa masu daidaitawa uku, saitunan laser interferometry, da kuma ƙaruwa a cikin kera batir da na'urorin gani daidai, inda matsayin sub-micron ya zama buƙatar tushe maimakon takamaiman kayan alatu. Yayin da haƙuri a duk faɗin waɗannan masana'antu ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa - wanda ƙananan guntu, ƙananan layukan batir, da tsarin laser masu sauri ke jagoranta - gibin da ke tsakanin ƙarfe mai "isasshe" da dutse mai karko zai ƙara zama mai mahimmanci, ba ƙasa da haka ba.

Idan akwai wani abu da injiniyoyi za su yi la'akari da shi game da sabon dandamalin daidaito, to wannan shine: a nemi ainihin adadin yawan da aka samu da kuma yawan faɗaɗa zafi, ba wai kawai "granite" a matsayin kayan akwati ba. Bambancin da ke tsakanin dutse mai kauri da aka zaɓa da kyau da kuma madadinsa mai ƙarancin inganci na iya zama bambanci tsakanin injin da ke riƙe da daidaito na tsawon shekaru goma da kuma wanda ke buƙatar sake daidaita shi a kowane kwata.